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Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=20-5,6=14,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{20}.100\%=28\%\\\%m_{Cu}=72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{1,792}{22,4}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\)
tỉ lệ 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
n(mol) a---->a------------>a---------->a (1)
\(PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
tỉ lệ 2 : 3 ; 1 : 3
n(mol) b-------->3/2b----->1/2b------------>3/2b (2)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+27b=3,79\\a+\dfrac{3}{2}b=0,08\end{matrix}\right.=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\left(mol\right)\\b=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=n\cdot M=0,05\cdot65=3,25\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=n\cdot M=0,02\cdot27=0,54\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{3,25\cdot100\%}{3,79}\approx85,75\%\\\%m_{Al}=100\%-85,75\approx14,25\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
với (1) thì
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(1\right)}=a=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
với (2) thì
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}b=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot0,02=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(=>m_{H_2SO_4}=\left(0,05+0,03\right)\cdot98=7,84\left(g\right)\)
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{10}.100=65\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=100\%-65\%=35\%\)
Cho hỗn hợp qua dung dịch \(H_2SO_4\) loãng chỉ có Fe tác dụng.
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
0,1 0,1
\(m_{Fe}=0,1\cdot56=5,6g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=10-5,6=4,4g\)
Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol Al, Fe
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=0,83\\1,5x+y=0,025\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,01\\y=0,01\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,27\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,56\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, Cu không tác dụng với dd HCl.
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=19,4-13=6,4\left(g\right)\)
c, Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{19,4}.100\%\approx67,01\%\\\%m_{Cu}\approx32,99\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{8}.100=70\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=100\%-70\%=30\%\)