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a,\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,4 0,2
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,2.65.100\%}{21,1}=61,61\%;\%m_{ZnO}=100-61,61=38,39\%\)
b,\(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{21,1-13}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: ZnO + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2O
Mol: 0,1 0,2
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,2+0,4\right).36,5.100\%}{7,3\%}=300\left(g\right)\)
c,
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,2
PTHH: ZnO + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2O
Mol: 0,1 0,1
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2+0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6\left(l\right)=600\left(ml\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=600.1,12=672\left(g\right)\)
a, Ta có: 65nZn + 27nAl = 11,9 (1)
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{9,916}{24,79}=0,4\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ mZn = 0,1.65 = 6,5 (g)
mAl = 0,2.27 = 5,4 (g)
b, Theo PT: nZnCl2 = nZn = 0,1 (mol)
nAlCl3 = nAl = 0,2 (mol)
⇒ m muối = 0,1.136 + 0,2.133,5 = 40,3 (g)
c, Theo PT: nHCl = 2nH2 = 0,8 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,8.36,5}{10\%}=292\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
2a______3a__________a_______3a (mol)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
b_______b________b______b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27\cdot2a+24b=7,8\\3a+b=\dfrac{200\cdot19,6\%}{98}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,1\cdot24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=5,4\left(g\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{MgSO_4}\\n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=207\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot342}{207}\cdot100\%\approx16,52\%\\C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot120}{207}\cdot100\%\approx5,8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
vì đề không nói là H2SO4 đặc nóng nên mình coi là đặc nguội nha. H2SO4 đặc nguội thụ động với Fe nên không xảy ra phản ứng.
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=5,1\\1,5a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{5,1}.100\approx52,941\%\\\%m_{Mg}\approx47,059\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b.m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{Al,Mg}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=5,1+250-0,25.2=254,6\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342}{254,6}.100\approx6,716\%\\ C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{254,6}.100\approx4,713\%\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{200.19,6}{100}=39,2g\)
\(\rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{39,2}{98}=0,4mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
x x x x
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
y 1,5y 0,5y 1,5y
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\left(mol\right)=Mg\\y\left(mol\right)=Al\end{cases}}\)
a. Có hệ phương trình là: \(\hept{\begin{cases}24x+27y=7,8\\x+1,5y=0,4\end{cases}}\)
\(\rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{cases}}\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4g\)
\(m_{Al}=7,8-2,4=5,4g\)
b. \(n_{H_2}=0,1+1,5.0,2=0,4mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,4.2=0,8g\)
\(m_{ddsaupu}=m_{hh}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}\)
\(\rightarrow m_{ddsaupu}=7,8+200-0,8=207g\)
Những dung dịch thu được sau phản ứng: \(MgSO_4;Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\)
\(m_{MgSO_4}=0,1.\left(24+32+16.4\right)=12g\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{MgSO_4}=\frac{12.100}{207}=5,8\%\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,5.0,2.\left(27.2+32.3+16.12\right)=34,2g\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\frac{34,2.100}{207}=16,52\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4mol\\ n_{Al}=a;n_{Mg}=b\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,5a+b=0,4\\27a+24b=7,8\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=0,2;b=0,1\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{7,8}\cdot100=69,23\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=100-69,23=30,77\%\)
cảm ơn b nha này đánh giá 5 sao dc hong z