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a)
\(n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{38}{95}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: MgCO3 + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O
0,3<------0,6<------0,3<----0,3
MgO + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2O
0,1<---0,2<------0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgO}=0,1.40=4\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCO_3}=0,3.84=25,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(m_{HCl}=\left(0,6+0,2\right).36,5=29,2\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{29,2.100}{20}=146\left(g\right)\)
Gọi n Fe = a (mol )
n Mg = b (mol ) (a,b > 0)
--> 56a+24b = 13,2
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a 2a a a
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b 2b b b
----> a+b=0,35
Ta có hệ Pt :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=13,2\\a+b=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải hệ PT , ta có :
a= 0,15
b = 0,2 (mol )
\(V_{HClđủ}=\left(0,15.2+0,2.2\right):0,5=1,4\left(l\right)\)
\(a,m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{13,2}.100\%\approx63,64\%\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{13,2}.100\%\approx36,36\%\)
\(b,m_{FeCl_2}=0,15.127=19,05\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{MgCl_2}=0,2.95=19\left(g\right)\)
\(c,HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
0,2 0,2
\(m_{NaOH}=\dfrac{100.8}{100}=8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{HCldư}=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,5}=0,4\left(l\right)\)
\(V_{HCl}=V_{HClđủ}+V_{HCldư}=1,4+0,4=1,8\left(l\right)\)
Fe+2HCl->FeCl2+H2
x---2x-----------x
Mg+2HCl->MgCl2+H2
y------2y-----------y
Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+24y=24\\x+y=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>x=0,3 mol, y=0,3 mol
=>%m Fe=\(\dfrac{0,3.56}{24}.100\)=70%
=>%m Mg=100-70=30%
=>VHCl=\(\dfrac{0,3.2+0,3.2}{2}\)=0,6l=600ml
b)
XCl2+2AgNO3->2AgCl+X(NO3)2
0,6--------------------1,2mol
=>m AgCl=1,2.143,5=172,2g
a)Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Al, Fe trong hỗn hợp ban đầu (x,y>0)
Sau phản ứng hỗn hợp muối khan gồm: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl_3:x\left(mol\right)\\FeCl_2:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=13,9\\133,5x+127y=38\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\approx0,0896\\y\approx0,205\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,0896\cdot27\cdot100\%}{13,9}\approx17,4\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,205\cdot56\cdot100\%}{13,9}\approx82,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo Bảo toàn nguyên tố Cl, H ta có:\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}=\dfrac{3n_{AlCl_3}+2n_{FeCl_2}}{2}\\ =\dfrac{3\cdot0,0896+2\cdot0,205}{2}=0,3394mol\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3394\cdot22,4\approx7,6l\)
nH2= 0,35(mol)
a) PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
x_________2x_______x______x(mol)
PTHH: Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
y________2y________y_____y(mol)
Ta có hpt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+56y=13,2\\x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) m=m(muối khan)= mMgCl2 + mFeCl2= 95.x+127y=95.0,2+127.0,15= 38,05(g)
a)
Gọi
\(n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 56a + 24b = 13,2(1)\)
\(Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\)
Theo PTHH : \(n_{H_2} = a + b = 0,35(mol)\)(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,15 ;b = 0,2
Vậy :
\(\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,15.56}{13,2}.100\% = 63,64\%\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg} = 100\% - 63,64\% = 36,36\%\)
b)
Ta có :\(n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,7(mol)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m_{muối} = m_{kim\ loại} + m_{HCl} - m_{H_2} = 13,2 + 0,7.36,5 - 0,35.2=38,05(gam)\)
Sửa đề: đktc → đkc
a, \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: 24nMg + 56nFe = 13,2 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,6765}{24,79}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+n_{Fe}=0,35\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.24}{13,2}.100\%\approx36,36\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx63,64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ m muối khan = 0,2.95 + 0,15.127 = 38,05 (g)
Theo gt ta có: $n_{H_2}=0,8(mol)$
a, Gọi số mol Fe và Al lần lượt là a;b(mol)
$Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2$
$2Al+6HCl\rightarrow 2AlCl_3+3H_2$
Ta có: $56a+27b=22;a+1,5b=0,8$
Giải hệ ta được $a=0,2;b=0,4$
Do đó $\%m_{Fe}=50,9\%;\%m_{Al}=49,1\%$
b, Sau phản ứng dung dịch chứa 0,2mol $FeCl_2$ và 0,4mol $AlCl_3$
$m_{dd}=22+1,6.36,5:7,3\%-0,8.2=820,4(g)$
Do đó $\%C_{FeCl_2}=3,09\%;\%C_{AlCl_3}=6,5\%$
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,2\cdot4=0,8mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(x\) \(\rightarrow\) \(3x\) \(x\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(y\) \(\rightarrow\) \(2y\) \(y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+65y=11,9\\3x+2y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{11,9}\cdot100\%=45,38\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-45,38\%=54,62\%\)
b)\(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot0,2+0,1=0,4mol\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,4\cdot22.4=8,96l\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
x_____________________3/2x
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
y ____________________y
Ta có :
\(n_{H2}=\frac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Giải hệ phương trình :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=6,3\\\frac{3}{2}x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\frac{2,7}{6,3}.100\%=42,86\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=100\%-42,86\%=57,14\%\)
\(\rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\frac{0,6}{0,4}=1,5\left(l\right)\)