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Trong tinh thể :
n Na2CO3 = n Na2CO3.10H2O = 5,72/286 = 0,02(mol)
Trong 200 gam dd Na2CO3 10% có :
m Na2CO3 = 200.10% = 20(gam)
Khi hòa tan tinh thể vào dung dịch trên :
m Na2CO3 = 0,02.106 + 20 = 22,12(gam)
m dd = 5,72 + 200 = 205,72(gam)
C% Na2CO3 = 22,12/205,72 .100% = 10,75%
Sửa đề cho dễ làm: "200g dd HCl 3,65%"
Ta có: \(n_{Na_2CO_3.10H_2O}=\dfrac{14,3}{106+10\cdot18}=0,05\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200\cdot3,65\%}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Na2CO3 p/ứ hết, HCl còn dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=0,1\cdot58,5=5,85\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1\cdot36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(n_{CO_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=0,05\cdot44=2,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{Na_2CO_3.10H_2O}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{CO_2}=212,1\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{5,85}{212,1}\cdot100\%\approx2,76\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3,65}{212,1}\cdot100\%\approx1,72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi a là klg của Na2CO3.5H2O
Coi Na2CO3.5H2O là dd Na2CO3 54%
Áp dụng quy tắc đường chéo :
=> \(\dfrac{a}{200}=\dfrac{10}{44}=>a=45,45\left(g\right)\)
$m_{dung\ dịch}= D.V = 1,05.100 = 105(gam)$
$C\%_{Na_2CO_3} = \dfrac{5,2}{105}.100\% = 4,95\%$
Ta có: mdd= D.V= 1,05.100= 105(g)
C%ddNa2CO3= 5.2.100%/105=4,95%
VD1:\(m_{dd}=m_{NaOH}+m_{H_2O}=30+200=230\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}}{m_{dd}}.100\%=\dfrac{30}{230}.100\%\approx13,04\%\)
VD2: \(C\%=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}}{m_{dd}}.100\%=\dfrac{60}{300}.100\%=20\%\)
a) PTHH: \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl_2}=0,2\cdot95=19\left(g\right)\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot36,5}{200}\cdot100\%=7,3\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{MgO}+m_{ddHCl}=208\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{19}{208}\cdot100\%\approx9,13\%\)
c) PTHH: \(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{200\cdot4\%}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) NaOH p/ứ hết, MgCl2 còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{MgCl_2\left(dư\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=0,2\cdot58,5=11,7\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2\left(dư\right)}=9,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\cdot58=5,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{ddA}+m_{ddNaOH}-m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=402,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{11,7}{402,2}\cdot100\%\approx2,91\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{9,5}{402,2}\cdot100\%\approx2,36\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo gt ta có: $n_{MgO}=0,2(mol)$
a, $MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O$
b, Ta có: $n_{HCl}=0,4(mol)\Rightarrow x=7,3$
Bảo toàn khối lượng ta có: $m_{ddA}=208(g)$
$\Rightarrow \%C_{MgCl_2}=9,13\%$
c, Ta có: $n_{NaOH}=0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow n_{Mg(OH)_2}=0,1(mol)$
Bảo toàn khối lượng ta có: $m_{ddB}=208+200-0,1.58=402,2(g)$
$\Rightarrow \%C_{MgCl_2}=2,36\%$
\(m_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{5.72}{286}\cdot106=2.12\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Na_2CO_3\left(10\%\right)}=200\cdot10\%=20\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=5.72+200=205.72\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{2.12+20}{205.72}\cdot100\%=10.75\%\)
\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=n_{Na_2CO_3.10H_2O}=\dfrac{5,72}{286}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,02.106=2,12\left(g\right)\\ m_{Na_2CO_3\text{ trong dd 10%}}=\dfrac{200.10}{100}=20\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd\text{ mới}}=5,72+200=205,72\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{dd\text{ mới}}=\dfrac{20+2,12}{205,72}.100\%=10,75\%\)