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Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,2\cdot4=0,8mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(x\) \(\rightarrow\) \(3x\) \(x\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(y\) \(\rightarrow\) \(2y\) \(y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+65y=11,9\\3x+2y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{11,9}\cdot100\%=45,38\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-45,38\%=54,62\%\)
b)\(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot0,2+0,1=0,4mol\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,4\cdot22.4=8,96l\)
\(Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\22,4a+22,4.1,5.b=5,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\approx47,059\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx100\%-47,059\%\approx52,941\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.\left(0,1+0,1.1,5\right)=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
a)\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
x 2x x x
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
y 3y y 1,5y
Ta có hệ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=5,1\\x+1,5y=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%=47,06\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=100\%-47,06\%=52,94\%\)
b)\(\Sigma n_{HCl}=2x+3y=2\cdot0,1+3\cdot0,1=0,5mol\)
\(V=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25l=250ml\)
a/ \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{3,08}{22,4}=0,1375\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,68}{22,4}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
2Fe + 6H2SO4(đ) ---to---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 6SO2 + 3H2O
x 3x
Cu + 2H2SO4(đ) ---to---> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
y y
Fe + 2HCl ----> FeCl2 + H2
x x
Cu + 2HCl -----> CuCl2 + H2
y y
Ta có hệ pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+y=0,1375\\x+y=0,075\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,03125\left(mol\right)\\y=0,04375\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{hh}=0,03125.56+0,04375.64=4,55\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,03125.56.100\%}{4,55}=38,46\%\)
b, \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1.1,2=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(T=\dfrac{n_{SO_2}}{n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,1375}{0,12}=1,1458\)
=> tạo ra 2 muối là BaSO3 và Ba(HSO3)2
SO2 + Ba(OH)2 ---> BaSO3 + H2O
x x x
2SO2 + Ba(OH)2 ----> Ba(HSO3)2
y 0,5y 0,5y
Ta có hệ pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,1375\\x+0,5y=0,12\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1025\left(mol\right)\\y=0,035\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{muối}=0,1025.217+0,5.0,035.299=27,475\left(g\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,3=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{rắn}=m_{Cu}=m_{hh}-m_{Al}=12-0,2.27=6,4\left(g\right)\)
a: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,6 0,2 0,3
\(V=0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(lít\right)\)
b: \(C_{M\left(HCL\right)}=\dfrac{0.6}{0.2}=3\left(M\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{2}>\dfrac{0,4}{6}\\ \Rightarrow Aldư\\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{HCl}=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2}{15}.133,5=17,8\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.2\cdot2=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
=>HCl dư
\(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0.2\cdot133.5=26.7\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=3\cdot0.2=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
hay \(n_{H_2}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(lít\right)\)