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Từ \(x\left(\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+y\left(\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+z\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)=-2\) ta có:
\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+2xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\y+z=0\\z+x=0\end{matrix}\right.\).
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử x + y = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3=-y^3\).
Kết hợp với \(x^3+y^3+z^3=1\) ta có \(z^3=1\Leftrightarrow z=1\).
Vậy \(P=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{-y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{1}=1\).
Do \(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-\left(y+z\right)\Rightarrow x^2=\left(y+z\right)^2\Rightarrow4yz-x^2=4yz-\left(y+z^2\right)=-\left(y-z\right)^2\)
Tương tự \(4zx-y^2=-\left(z-x\right)^2\)
\(4xy-z^2=-\left(x-y\right)^2\)
Ta lại có: \(yz+2x^2=yz+x^2-x\left(y+z\right)=yz+x^2-xy-xz=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\)
Tương tự: \(zx+2y^2=\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)\)
\(xy+2z^2=\left(y-z\right)\left(y-y\right)\)
\(P=\frac{\left(4yz-x^2\right)\left(4zx-y^2\right)\left(4xy-z^2\right)}{\left(yz+2x^2\right)\left(zx+2y^2\right)\left(xy+2z^2\right)}=\frac{-\left(y-z\right)^2\left(z-x\right)^2\left(x-y^2\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-\left(y-z\right)^2\left(z-x\right)^2\left(x-y\right)^2}{-\left(y-z\right)^2\left(z-x\right)^2\left(x-y\right)^2}=1\)
X3 + Y3 + Z3 = 3XYZ
<=> X3 + Y3 + Z3 - 3XYZ = 0
<=> ( X3 + Y3 ) + Z3 - 3XYZ = 0
<=> ( X + Y )3 - 3XY( X + Y ) + Z3 - 3XYZ = 0
<=> [ ( X + Y )3 + Z3 ] - 3XY( X + Y + Z ) = 0
<=> ( X + Y + Z )[ ( X + Y )2 - ( X + Y ).Z + Z2 - 3XY ] = 0
<=> ( X + Y + Z )( X2 + Y2 + Z2 - XY - YZ - XZ ) = 0
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}X+Y+Z=0\\X^2+Y^2+Z^2-XY-YZ-XZ=0\end{cases}}\)
+) X + Y + Z = 0 => \(\hept{\begin{cases}X+Y=-Z\\Y+Z=-X\\X+Z=-Y\end{cases}}\)
KHI ĐÓ : \(M=\left(1+\frac{X}{Y}\right)\left(1+\frac{Y}{Z}\right)\left(1+\frac{Z}{X}\right)=\left(\frac{X+Y}{Y}\right)\left(\frac{Y+Z}{Z}\right)\left(\frac{X+Z}{X}\right)=\frac{-Z}{Y}\cdot\frac{-X}{Z}\cdot\frac{-Y}{X}=-1\)
+) X2 + Y2 + Z2 - XY - YZ - XZ = 0
<=> 2( X2 + Y2 + Z2 - XY - YZ - XZ ) = 0
<=> 2X2 + 2Y2 + 2Z2 - 2XY - 2YZ - 2XZ = 0
<=> ( X2 - 2XY + Y2 ) + ( Y2 - 2YZ + Z2 ) + ( X2 - 2XZ + Z2 ) = 0
<=> ( X - Y )2 + ( Y - Z )2 + ( X - Z )2 = 0 (1)
DỄ DÀNG CHỨNG MINH (1) ≥ 0 ∀ X,Y,Z
DẤU "=" XẢY RA <=> X = Y = Z
KHI ĐÓ : \(M=\left(1+\frac{X}{Y}\right)\left(1+\frac{Y}{Z}\right)\left(1+\frac{Z}{X}\right)=\left(1+\frac{Y}{Y}\right)\left(1+\frac{Z}{Z}\right)\left(1+\frac{X}{X}\right)=2\cdot2\cdot2=8\)
Thay $x=\sqrt{\frac{1}{2,5}}; y=z=\sqrt{\frac{1}{0,25}}$ ta thấy đề sai bạn nhé!
Ta có: \(3x^2+3y^2+4xy+2x-2y+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x+1+y^2-2y+1+2x^2+4xy+2y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\left(x+y\right)^2=0\)
Ta có: \(\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall y\)
\(2\left(x+y\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
Do đó: \(\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\left(x+y\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\y-1=0\\x+y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=1\\-1+1=0\left(đúng\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay x=-1 và y=1 vào biểu thức \(M=\left(x+y\right)^{2016}+\left(x+2\right)^{2017}+\left(y-1\right)^{2018}\), ta được:
\(M=\left(-1+1\right)^{2016}+\left(-1+2\right)^{2017}+\left(1-1\right)^{2018}\)
\(=0^{2016}+1^{2017}+0^{2018}=1\)
Vậy: M=1
Đặt \(x^3=a^3;27y^3=b^3;8z^3=c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3-b^3-c^3=3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3-b^3-c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3-\left(b+c\right)^3+3bc\left(b+c\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b-c\right)\left[a^2+a\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)^2\right]-3bc\left(a-b-c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a^2+ab+ac+b^2+2bc+c^2-3bc\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab-bc+ca\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a-b-c=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2+ab-bc+ca=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a-b-c=0\\\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b-c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(c+a\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a-b-c=0\\a=-b=-c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3y-2z=0\\x=-3y=-2z\end{matrix}\right.\)
*\(x-3y-2z=0\) :
\(P=\dfrac{\left(x-3y\right)\left(3y+2z\right)\left(x-2z\right)}{6xyz}=\dfrac{2z.x.3y}{6xyz}=1\)
*\(x=-3y=-2z\) :
\(P=\dfrac{\left(x-3y\right)\left(3y+2z\right)\left(x-2z\right)}{6xyz}\dfrac{\left(x+x\right)\left(3y+3y\right)\left(-2z-2z\right)}{6xyz}=\dfrac{2x.6y.\left(-4\right)z}{6xyz}=-8\)
Mk sửa lại biểu thức P :\(P=\dfrac{\left(x-3y\right)\left(3y+2z\right)\left(x-2z\right)}{6xyz}\)
Ta có : x3 - 27y3 - 8z3 = 18xyz
<=> (x - 3y)3 + 9xy(x - 3y) - 8z3 = 18xyz
<=> [(x - 3y)3 - (2z)3] + 9xy(x - 3y - 2z) = 0
<=> (x - 3y - 2z)[(x - 3y)2 + (x - 3y).2z + 4z2] + 9xy(x - 3y - 2z) = 0
<=> (x - 3y - 2z)[(x - 3y)2 + (x - 3y).2z + 4z2 + 9zy] = 0
<=> \(\left(x-3y-2z\right)\left\{\left[\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x-3y\right)^2+\left(x-3y\right).2z+4z^2\right]+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-3y\right)^2+9xy\right\}=0\)
<=> \(\left(x-3y-2z\right)\left\{\left[\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-3y\right)+2z\right]^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x+3y\right)^2\right\}=0\)
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3y-2z=0\\\left[\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-3y\right)+2z\right]^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x+3y\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
THI1 x - 3y - 2z = 0
<=> x = 3y + 2z
Khi đó \(P=\dfrac{2z.x.3y}{6xyz}=1\)
TH2 \(\left[\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-3y\right)+2z\right]^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x+3y\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-3y\right)+2z=0\\x+3y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2z=3y\\x=-3y\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=-3y=-2z\)
Khi đó P = \(\dfrac{\left(-6y\right).\left(-2x\right).\left(-4z\right)}{xyz}=-48\)