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\(3=ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}\Rightarrow abc\le1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+a\left(ab+ac\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+a\left(3-bc\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+3a-abc}=\dfrac{1}{3a+\left(1-abc\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{3a}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{3a}+\dfrac{1}{3b}+\dfrac{1}{3c}=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3abc}=\dfrac{3}{3abc}=\dfrac{1}{abc}\)
Ta chứng minh BĐT sau cho các số dương:
\(x^5+y^5\ge xy\left(x^3+y^3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^5-x^4y+y^5-xy^4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^4-y^4\right)\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge0\) (đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{a^5+b^5}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{ab\left(a^3+b^3\right)}{ab\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{a+b}=a^2-ab+b^2\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=2-\left(ab+ca+ca\right)\)
\(VT\ge4-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2\)
\(VT\ge4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2\) (đpcm)
Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{y}{x};\dfrac{z}{y};\dfrac{x}{z}\right)\)
BĐT trở thành:
\(\dfrac{y^2}{xz}+\dfrac{z^2}{xy}+\dfrac{x^2}{yz}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{x}{z}-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)+3xyz\ge3x^2y+3y^2z+3z^2x\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schur ta có:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3+3xyz\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\left(x^3+xy^2\right)+\left(y^3+yz^2\right)+\left(z^3+zx^2\right)+x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\ge3\left(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\right)\)
Tham khảo:
Cho abc=1CMR\(\dfrac{a+3}{\left(a+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{b+3}{\left(b+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c+3}{\left(c+1\right)^2}\ge3\) - Hoc24
\(\dfrac{x^3}{\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}+\dfrac{1+y}{8}+\dfrac{1+z}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^3\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}{\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right).64}}=\dfrac{3x}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{y^3}{\left(1+z\right)\left(1+x\right)}+\dfrac{1+z}{8}+\dfrac{1+x}{8}\ge\dfrac{3y}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{z^3}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)}+\dfrac{1+x}{8}+\dfrac{1+y}{8}\ge\dfrac{3z}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^3}{\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}+\dfrac{y^3}{\left(1+z\right)\left(1+x\right)}+\dfrac{z^3}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}-\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}{2}-\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{2}-\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)
(bài này chắc thiếu đk xyz=1 ?nên mình bổ sung xyz=1)
( xyz=3)
Áp dụng BDDT AM-GM:
Ta có: \(\dfrac{x^3}{\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}+\dfrac{1+y}{8}+\dfrac{1+z}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^3\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}{\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right).8.8}}=3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3x}{4}\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta có:
\(\dfrac{y^3}{\left(1+z\right)\left(1+x\right)}+\dfrac{1+z}{8}+\dfrac{1+x}{8}\ge\dfrac{3y}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{z^3}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)}+\dfrac{1+x}{8}+\dfrac{1+y}{8}\ge\dfrac{3z}{4}\)
Cộng từng vế ta được:
\(\dfrac{x^3}{\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}+\dfrac{y^3}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+z\right)}+\dfrac{z^3}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)}+\dfrac{3+x+y+z}{4}\ge\dfrac{3\left(x+y+z\right)}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^3}{\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}+\dfrac{y^3}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+z\right)}+\dfrac{z^3}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{3x+3y+3z-3-x-y-z}{4}=\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)-3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^3}{\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}+\dfrac{y^3}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+z\right)}+\dfrac{z^3}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{2.\sqrt[3]{xyz}-3}{4}=\dfrac{2.3-3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(đfcm\right)\)
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\).
Khi đó: \(\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc\ge ac+b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{c}+1\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}\\\dfrac{c}{a}+1\ge\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}\le2+2\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
Vì \(1\le c\le a\le2\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{c}-2\right)\left(\dfrac{2a}{c}-1\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\le\dfrac{5}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}\le7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\le10\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=2;c=1\) và các hoán vị.
a: \(A=3^{\dfrac{2}{5}}\cdot3^{\dfrac{1}{5}}\cdot3^{\dfrac{1}{5}}=3^{\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}}=3^{\dfrac{4}{5}}\)
b: \(B=\left(-27\right)^{\dfrac{1}{3}}=\left[\left(-3\right)^3\right]^{\dfrac{1}{3}}=\left(-3\right)^{\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot3}=\left(-3\right)^1=-3\)
c: \(C=\sqrt[3]{-64}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^3\)
\(=\sqrt[3]{\left(-4\right)^3}\cdot\dfrac{1}{2^3}=-4\cdot\dfrac{1}{8}=-\dfrac{4}{8}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
d: \(D=\left(-27\right)^{\dfrac{1}{3}}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^4\)
\(=\left[\left(-3\right)^3\right]^{\dfrac{1}{3}}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3^4}\)
\(=\left(-3\right)^{3\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}}\cdot\dfrac{1}{81}=\dfrac{-3}{81}=\dfrac{-1}{27}\)
e: \(E=\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^{106}\cdot\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^{106}\)
\(=\left[\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\right]^{106}\)
\(=\left(3-1\right)^{106}=2^{106}\)
f: \(F=360^{\sqrt{5}+1}\cdot20^{3-\sqrt{5}}\cdot18^{3-\sqrt{5}}\)
\(=360^{\sqrt{5}+1}\cdot\left(20\cdot18\right)^{3-\sqrt{5}}\)
\(=360^{\sqrt{5}+1}\cdot360^{3-\sqrt{5}}=360^{\sqrt{5}+1+3-\sqrt{5}}=360^4\)
g: \(G=2023^{3+2\sqrt{2}}\cdot2023^{2\sqrt{2}-3}\)
\(=2023^{3+2\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{2}-3}\)
\(=2023^{4\sqrt{2}}\)
a) Gọi q là công sai của cấp số nhân. Ta có: \(a;b=aq;c=aq^2\).
\(a^2b^2c^2\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}\right)=\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a}+\dfrac{a^2c^2}{b}+\dfrac{a^2b^2}{c}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a.q\right)^2\left(a.q^2\right)^2}{a}+\dfrac{a^2\left(aq^2\right)^2}{aq}+\dfrac{a^2\left(aq\right)^2}{aq^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2q^2a^2q^4}{a}+\dfrac{a^2a^2q^4}{aq}+\dfrac{a^2a^2q^2}{aq^2}\)
\(=a^3q^6+a^3q^3+a^3\)
\(=\left(a^2q\right)^3+\left(aq\right)^3+a^3\)
\(=c^3+b^3+a^3=a^3+b^3+c^3\).
b) Gọi q là công bội của của cấp số nhân.
Ta có: \(a;b=aq;c=aq^2;d=aq^3\).
\(\left(ab+bc+cd\right)^2=\left(a.aq+aq.aq^2+aq^2.aq^3\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a^2q+a^2q^3+a^2q^5\right)^2=a^4q^2\left(1+q^2+q^4\right)^2\). (1)
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2+d^2\right)\)\(=\left(a^2+a^2q^2+a^2q^4\right)\left(a^2q^2+a^2q^4+a^2q^6\right)\)
\(=a^2\left(1+q^2+q^4\right)a^2q^2\left(1+q^2+q^4\right)\)
\(=a^4q^2\left(1+q^2+q^4\right)^2\). (2)
So sánh (1) và (2) ta có điều phải chứng minh.
\(a+\dfrac{1}{a+1}=\dfrac{a^2+a+1}{a+1}=\dfrac{4a^2+4a+4}{4\left(a+1\right)}=\dfrac{3\left(a+1\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2}{4\left(a+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(a+1\right)^2}{4\left(a+1\right)}=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+1\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{a}\)
Tương tự: \(b+\dfrac{1}{b+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{b}\) ; \(c+\dfrac{1}{c+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{c}\)
Nhân vế:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{27}{8}\sqrt{abc}\ge\dfrac{27}{8}\) (đpcm)