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\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2.\frac{a+b+c}{abc}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\) (do a+b+c = 0)
=> \(B=\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}}=\sqrt{ \left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
=> đpcm
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+b^2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(c^2+b^2\right)=c\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow ac^2+ab^2=a^2c+b^2c\Leftrightarrow ac\left(c-a\right)-b^2\left(c-a\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-a\right)\left(ac-b^2\right)=0\)
Vì \(a\ne c\)nên \(c-a\ne0\)
Do đó \(ac-b^2=0\Leftrightarrow ac=b^2\Rightarrow\sqrt{ac}=b\)
Giả sử \(a^2+b^2+c^2\)là số nguyên tố
Ta có \(a^2+b^2+c^2=a^2+ac+c^2=\left(a+c\right)^2-ac=\left(a+c\right)^2-b^2\)\(=\left(a-b+c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(\sqrt{a}\right)^2-2\sqrt{ac}+\left(\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\sqrt{ac}\right]\left[\left(\sqrt{a}\right)^2-2\sqrt{ac}+\left(\sqrt{c}\right)^2+3\sqrt{ac}\right]\)
\(\left[\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\sqrt{ac}\right]\left[\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2+3\sqrt{ac}\right]\)
Vì \(a^2+b^2+c^2\)là số nguyên tố nên có một ước số là 1
Mà \(\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\sqrt{ac}< \left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2+3\sqrt{ac}\)
nên \(\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\sqrt{ac}=1\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2=1-\sqrt{ac}\)
Vì \(a\ne c\Rightarrow\sqrt{a}\ne\sqrt{c}\Rightarrow\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{c}\ne0\)\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2>0\)
Do đó \(1-\sqrt{ac}>0\Rightarrow\sqrt{ac}< 1\Rightarrow ac< 1\)(1)
Mà \(a^2+b^2>0\)và \(c^2+b^2>0\)nên \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+b^2}>0\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}>0\Rightarrow\)a, c cùng dấu \(\Rightarrow ac>0\)(2)
Từ (1), (2) suy ra \(0< ac< 1\)
Mà a,c là số nguyên nên ac là số nguyên
Do đó không có giá trị a,c thỏa mãn
suy ra điều giả sử sai
Vậy \(a^2+b^2+c^2\) không thể là số nguyên tố
2a)với a,b,c là các số thực ta có
\(a^2-ab+b^2=\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}\ge\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}=\frac{1}{2}\left|a+b\right|\)
tương tự \(\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left|b+c\right|\)
tương tự \(\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left|a+c\right|\)
cộng từng vế mỗi BĐT ta được \(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=a+b+c\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c
1.Ta có: \(c+ab=\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab\)
\(=ac+bc+c^2+ab\)
\(=a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
CMTT \(a+bc=\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
\(b+ca=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
Từ đó \(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right)\)( theo BĐT AM-GM)
CMTT\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{a+b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}.3\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu"="xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Vậy /...
\(\frac{a+1}{b^2+1}=a+1-\frac{ab^2-b^2}{b^2+1}=a+1-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{b^2+1}\ge a+1-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{2b}\)
\(=a+1-\frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{2}=a+1-\frac{ab+b}{2}\)
Tương tự rồi cộng lại:
\(RHS\ge a+b+c+3-\frac{ab+bc+ca+a+b+c}{2}\)
\(\ge a+b+c+3-\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+a+b+c}{2}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(a=b=c=1\)
Bunhiacopxkhi \(\left(a^2+b+c\right)\left(1+b+c\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(a^2+b+c\right)\left(1+b+c\right)}\ge a+b+c\)
Ta có:\(A=\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+b+c}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+c+a}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+a+b}}\le\frac{a\sqrt{1+b+c}+b\sqrt{1+c+a}+c\sqrt{1+a+b}}{a+b+c}\)\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}A=\frac{\sqrt{3a}\sqrt{a+ab+ac}+\sqrt{3b}\sqrt{b+bc+ba}+\sqrt{3c}\sqrt{c+ca+cb}}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}A\le\frac{4a+ab+ac+4b+bc+ba+4c+ca+cb}{a+b+c}=\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}A\le\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{a+b+c}=\frac{6+a+b+c}{3}\le\frac{9}{3}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\sqrt{3}\)
Xét : \(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)+\frac{2}{abc}.\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\)(Vì a + b + c = 0)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}}=\left|\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right|\) (đpcm)
Ta có : \(P=3\sqrt{6}\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\frac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\frac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}}\) = \(3\sqrt{6}.Q\)
Thấy : \(a^2-b^2-c^2=\left(b+c\right)^2-b^2-c^2=2bc\) ( do a + b + c = 0 )
Suy ra : \(\frac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}=\frac{a^2}{2bc}\) . CMTT : \(\frac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}=\frac{b^2}{2ac};\frac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}=\frac{c^2}{2ab}\)
Suy ra : \(Q=\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{2bc}+\frac{b^2}{2ac}+\frac{c^2}{2ab}}=\sqrt{\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}}=\sqrt{\frac{3abc}{2abc}}=\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}\) ( vì a + b + c = 0 )
Khi đó : \(P=3\sqrt{6}.\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}=9\) là 1 số nguyên
( Q.E.D)