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Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ab^2+c^2a+ca^2+b^2c+bc^2+2abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)c+ab\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
=> Hoặc a+b=0 hoặc b+c=0 hoặc c+a=0
=> Hoặc a=-b hoặc b=-c hoặc c=-a
Ko mất tổng quát, g/s a=-b
a) Ta có: vì a=-b thay vào ta được:
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=-\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)
\(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{-b^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)
=> đpcm
b) Ta có: \(a+b+c=1\Leftrightarrow-b+b+c=1\Rightarrow c=1\)
=> \(P=-\frac{1}{b^{2021}}+\frac{1}{b^{2021}}+\frac{1}{c^{2021}}=\frac{1}{1^{2021}}=1\)
Bài 3:
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\ge\dfrac{4}{xy}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{xy}.x^2y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+x^2+y^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+x^2-2xy+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}\right)^2-2xy+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}-x+y\right)^2=0\) (luôn đúng)
Có: \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=-1\) (do \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\) )
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ca\right)^2+2ab.bc+2bc.ca+2ca.ab=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ca\right)^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ca\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\) (do \(a+b+c=0\))
Lại có: \(M=a^4+b^4+c^4\)
\(=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2-2\left(a^2b^2 +b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\)
\(=1-2\left[\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ca\right)^2\right]\) (do \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\))
\(=1-2.\dfrac{1}{4}\)(do \(\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ca\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\))
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(M=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Hướng suy nghĩ của bạn đúng rồi.
Lời giải:
Phản chứng. Giả sử $y^2< xz$.
$0< y^2< xz$
$0< b^2< ac$
$\Rightarrow b^2y^2< xzac$
Theo đề bài ta có:
$2by=az+cx$
$\Rightarrow (az+cx)^2=4b^2y^2$
$\Leftrightarrow a^2z^2+c^2x^2+2acxz=4b^2y^2$
$a^2z^2+c^2x^2=4b^2y^2-2acxz< 4xzac-2acxz=2acxz$
$\Leftrightarrow (az-cx)^2< 0$ (vô lý)
Do đó điều giả sử là sai.
Tức là $y^2\geq xz$
Có : a + b + c = 0
=> (a + b)5 = (-c)5
a5 + 5a4b + 10a3b2 + 10a2b3 + 5ab4 + b5 = -c5
a5 + b5 + c5 = -5a4b - 10a3b2 - 10a2b3 - 5ab4
a5 + b5 + c5 = -5ab(a3 + 2a2b + 2ab2 + b3)
a5 + b5 + c5 = -5ab[(a3 + b3) + (2a2b + 2ab2)]
a5 + b5 + c5 = -5ab[(a + b)(a2 - ab + b2) + 2ab(a + b)]
a5 + b5 + c5 = -5ab(a + b)(a2 + b2 + ab)
a5 + b5 + c5 = 5abc(a2 + b2 + ab) (do a+b+c=0=> a+b=-c)
2(a5 + b5 + c5) = 5abc(2a2 + 2b2 + 2ab)
2(a5 + b5 + c5) = 5abc[a2 + b2 +(a2 + 2ab + b2)]
2(a5 + b5 + c5) = 5abc[a2 + b2 + (a + b)2]
2(a5 + b5 + c5) = 5abc(a2 + b2 + c2) (do a+b=-c=> (a +b )2 = c2
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(a^5+b^5+c^5=\dfrac{5}{2}abc\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
Vậy...
Với \(a,b,c\ne0\); \(a+b+c\ne0\) , ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+c\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+abc+bc^2+c^2a=abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+bc^2+c^2a=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+c^2\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left[b\left(a+c\right)+c\left(a+c\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0\\b+c=0\\c+a=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-b\\b=-c\\c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
Không mất tính tổng quát, ta lấy \(a=-b\), ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^{2005}}+\frac{1}{b^{2005}}+\frac{1}{c^{2005}}=\frac{1}{\left(-b\right)^{2005}}+\frac{1}{b^{2005}}+\frac{1}{c^{2005}}\)
\(=\frac{-1}{b^{2005}}+\frac{1}{b^{2005}}+\frac{1}{c^{2005}}=\frac{1}{c^{2005}}\) (1)
Ta có:\(\frac{1}{a^{2005}+b^{2005}+c^{2005}}=\frac{1}{\left(-b\right)^{2005}+b^{2005}+c^{2005}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{-b^{2005}+b^{2005}+c^{2005}}=\frac{1}{c^{2005}}\) (2)
Từ (1), (2), suy ra \(\frac{1}{a^{2005}}+\frac{1}{b^{2005}}+\frac{1}{c^{2005}}=\frac{1}{a^{2005}+b^{2005}+c^{2005}}\)
Cái chỗ không mất tính tổng quát đấy, là do a, b, c bình đẳng nhau.