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1. Ta có : x + y + z = 0 \(\Rightarrow\)( x + y + z )2 = 0 \(\Rightarrow\)x2 + y2 + z2 = - 2 ( xy + yz + xz )\(S=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2}=\frac{-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-2\left(yz+xz+xy\right)}\)
\(S=\frac{-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}{-4\left(xy+yz+xz\right)-2\left(yz+xz+xy\right)}=\frac{-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}{-6\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}=\frac{1}{3}\)
a) \(A=\left(1+\frac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}\right).\frac{1+\frac{a}{b+c}}{1-\frac{a}{b+c}}.\frac{b^2+c^2-\left(b-c\right)^2}{a+b+c}\)
\(=\frac{2bc+b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}.\frac{\frac{a+b+c}{b+c}}{\frac{b+c-a}{b+c}}.\frac{b^2+c^2-b^2+2bc-c^2}{a+b+c}\)
\(=\frac{\left(b+c+a\right)\left(b+c-a\right)}{2bc}.\frac{a+b+c}{b+c-a}.\frac{2bc}{a+b+c}\)
\(=a+b+c\)
b) \(B=\frac{\frac{3a}{a+b}}{\frac{2a}{a^2-2ab+b^2}}\)\(=\frac{3a}{a+b}.\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{2a}=\frac{3\left(a-b\right)^2}{2\left(a+b\right)}\)
c) \(C=\frac{\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}}{\frac{a}{b}-\frac{b}{a}}:\frac{\frac{a^2}{b^2}-\frac{b^2}{a^2}}{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}}{\frac{a^2-b^2}{ab}}:\frac{\frac{a^4-b^4}{a^2b^2}}{\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2b^2}}\)
\(=\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2-b^2}.\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^4-b^4}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}\)
Ta có: \(2ab+c=\dfrac{4ab+1-2a-2b}{2}=\dfrac{\left(2a-1\right)\left(2b-1\right)}{2}\)
Và: \(a+b=\dfrac{1-2c}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{\left(2c-1\right)^2}{4}\)
Thế vô bài toán ta được
\(P=\dfrac{2ab+c}{\left(a+b\right)^2}.\dfrac{2bc+a}{\left(b+c\right)^2}.\dfrac{2ca+b}{\left(c+a\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{\left(2a-1\right)\left(2b-1\right)}{2}}{\dfrac{\left(2c-1\right)^2}{4}}.\dfrac{\dfrac{\left(2b-1\right)\left(2c-1\right)}{2}}{\dfrac{\left(2a-1\right)^2}{4}}.\dfrac{\dfrac{\left(2c-1\right)\left(2a-1\right)}{2}}{\dfrac{\left(2b-1\right)^2}{4}}\)
\(=\dfrac{4.4.4}{2.2.2}=8\)
Lời giải:
a) \(\frac{x^2-16}{4x-x^2}=\frac{(x-4)(x+4)}{x(4-x)}=\frac{x+4}{-x}\)
b) \(\frac{5(x-y)-3(y-x)}{10(x-y)}=\frac{5(x-y)+3(x-y)}{10(x-y)}=\frac{8(x-y)}{10(x-y)}=\frac{8}{10}=\frac{4}{5}\)
c)
\(\frac{(x+y)^2-z^2}{x+y+z}=\frac{(x+y-z)(x+y+z)}{x+y+z}=x+y-z\)
d)
Biểu thức không rút gọn được
e)
\(\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}=\frac{(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}=\frac{(a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-c(a+b)+c^2]-3ab(a+b)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)
\(=\frac{(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ac-bc+2ab)-3ab(a+b+c)+3abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)
\(=\frac{(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)+3abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}=a+b+c+\frac{3abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)
\(3a-b=3m\Rightarrow b=3a-3m\)
\(\Rightarrow2a+\left(3a-3m\right)=7m\Rightarrow5a=10m\Rightarrow a=2m\)
\(\Rightarrow b=3a-3m=6m-3m=3m\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{\left(2m\right)^2-2.2m.3m}{\left(2m\right)^2+\left(3m\right)^2}=\frac{4m^2-12m^2}{4m^2+9m^2}=\frac{-8m^2}{13m^2}=\frac{-8}{13}\)