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a. PTHH: 3NaOH + AlCl3 ---> Al(OH)3↓ + 3NaCl (1)
Ta có: \(C_{\%_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}}{100}.100\%=12\%\)
=> mNaOH = 12(g)
=> \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Ta lại có: \(C_{\%_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{m_{AlCl_3}}{200}.100\%=13,35\%\)
=> \(m_{AlCl_3}=26,7\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{133,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,3}{3}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\)
Vậy AlCl3 dư
Theo PT(1): \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}.n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{3}.0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=0,1.78=7,8\left(g\right)\)
b. Ta có: \(m_{dd_{NaCl}}=12+200-7,8=204,2\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT(1): \(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{NaCl}=0,3.58,5=17,55\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{17,55}{204,2}.100\%=8,59\%\)
c. PTHH: 2Al(OH)3 ---to---> Al2O3 + 3H2O (2)
Theo PT(2): \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,05.102=5,1\left(g\right)\)
Bài 10:
PTHH: \(Na_2CO_3+BaCl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+BaCO_3\downarrow\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{200\cdot10,6\%}{106}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{BaCO_3}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{BaCO_3}=0,2\cdot197=39,4\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{BaCl_2}=n_{BaCO_3}=0,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot208}{120}\cdot100\%\approx34,67\%\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(n_{NaCl}=2n_{BaCl_2}=0,4mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{NaCl}=0,4\cdot58,5=23,4\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddNa_2CO_3}+m_{ddBaCl_2}-m_{BaCO_3}=280,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{23,4}{280,6}\cdot100\%\approx8,34\%\)
\(a)n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{240}{1,12}:1000\cdot1=\dfrac{3}{14}mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{122.20}{100}:98=\dfrac{61}{245}mol\\ BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{3:14}{1}< \dfrac{61:245}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4.dư\\ n_{BaSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{3}{14}mol\\ m_{kt}=m_{BaSO_4}=\dfrac{3}{14}\cdot233=50g\\ c)C_{\%H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(61:245-3:14\right)98}{240+122-50}\cdot100=1,2\%\)
PTHH 3ZnCl2+2H3PO4----->Zn3(PO4)2+6HCl
\(n_{ZnCl_2}\)=0,3.2=0,6(mol)
Theo phương trình =>\(\dfrac{1}{3}n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn_3\left(PO_4\right)_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=>\(m_{Zn_3\left(PO_4\right)_2}\)=0,2.385=77(g)
Theo phương trình =>\(2n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{HCl}=1,2\left(mol\right)\)
=>\(C_{M_{HCl}}\)=\(\dfrac{1,2}{0,2+0,3}=2,4M\)
\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{10\%.265}{106}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Na_2CO_3+CaCl_2\rightarrow CaCO_3\downarrow+2NaCl\\ a,n_{CaCO_3}=n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ m_{kết.tủa}=m_{CaCO_3}=0,25.100=25\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{NaCl}=2.0,25=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ m_{NaCl}=0,5.58,5=29,25\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{ddNa_2CO_3}+m_{ddCaCl_2}-m_{CaCO_3}=265+500-25=740\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddNaCl}=\dfrac{29,25}{740}.100\%\approx3,953\%\)