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pthh: Zn+HCl→ZnCl2+H2 (1)
ZnO+HCl→ZnCl2+H2O (2)
theo bài ra số mol của H2=0,2 (mol)
theo pt1 ta có nZn=nH2=0,2 (mol)
⇒ mZn=0,2 .65=13 (g)→mZnO=21,1-13=8,1 (g) →nZnO=0,1 (mol)
%Zn=13.100%/21,1=61,61%
%ZnO=38,39%
Theo pt 1 nHCl=2nZn=0,4(mol) (3)
Theo pt2 nHCl=2nZnO=0,4 (mol) (4)
Từ 3,4 ⇒nHCl=0,8 (mol)
V HCl=0,4 (lít)=400ml
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\\ a)Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
\(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\)
\(b)m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5g\\ m_{ZnO}=14,6-6,5=8,1g\\ c)n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{8,1}{81}=0,1mol\\ ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\)
0,1 0,2
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,2+0,2\right)36,5}{14,6}\cdot100=100g\)
PTHH: \(HCl+KOH\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
\(2HCl_{\left(dư\right)}+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)
Axit dư nên tính theo KOH
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Sigma n_{HCl}=\dfrac{109,5}{36,5}=3\left(mol\right)\\n_{KOH}=\dfrac{112}{56}=2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddBa\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,5\cdot171}{25\%}=342\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
a, \(C_{M_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,1}=2,5\left(M\right)\)
b, \(m_{CaCO_3}=0,25.100=25\left(g\right)\)
c, \(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+2H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5.36,5}{20\%}=91,25\left(g\right)\)
PTHH:
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
0,15 0,15
\(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,15\cdot100=15\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CaO}=20,6-15=5,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{15\cdot100}{20,6}\approx73\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{CaO}=100\%-73\%=27\%\)
a) PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
a_____3a_______a______\(\dfrac{3}{2}a\) (mol)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b_____2b_______b______b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,8\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2\cdot27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=2,4\left(g\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,8\left(mol\right)=n_{H^+}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) PT ion: \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,8______0,8
Ta có: \(\left[OH^-\right]=C_{M_{NaOH}}+2C_{M_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=2,2\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{OH^-}=\dfrac{0,8}{2,2}\approx0,36\left(l\right)\)
Bài 1 :
Gọi n NaOH = a(mol) ; n Na2O = b(mol)
=> 40a + 62b = 24,4(1)
$NaOH + HCl \to NaCl + H_2O$
$Na_2O + 2HCl \to 2NaCl + H_2O$
Theo PTHH :
n NaCl = a + 2b = 40,95/58,5 = 0,7(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra : a = 0,3 ; b = 0,2
%m NaOH = 0,3.40/24,4 .100% = 49,18%
%m Na2O = 100% -49,18% = 50,82%
n HCl = 10,95/36,5 = 0,3(mol)
n NaOH = 80/40 = 2(mol)
$NaOH + HCl \to NaCl + H_2O$
Theo PTHH :
n NaOH = 2 > n HCl = 0,3 nên NaOH dư
=> Sai đề