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\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{245.20\%}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,2..........0,5
Lập tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,5}{3}\)
=> H2SO4 dư
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> V H2 = 0,3.22,4= 6,72(l)
\(m_{ddsaupu}=5,4+245-0,3.2=249,8\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.342}{249,8}.100=13,69\%\)
a) mH2SO4=20%.245=49(g) ->nH2SO4=49/98=0,5(mol)
nAl=5,4/27=0,2(mol)
PTHH: 2Al +3 H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 +3 H2
Ta có: 0,2/2 < 0,5/3
=> H2SO4 dư, Al hết, tính theo nAl
=> nH2SO4(p.ứ)=nH2=3/2. nAl=3/2. 0,2= 0,3(mol)
=> nH2SO4(dư)=0,5 - 0,3=0,2(mol)
=>mH2SO4(dư)=0,2.98=19,6(g)
b) V(H2,đktc)=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)
c) nAl2(SO4)3= 1/2. nAl=1/2. 0,2=0,1(mol)
=>mAl2(SO4)3=342.0,1=34,2(g)
mddAl2(SO4)3=mAl+ mddH2SO4-mH2=5,4+245 - 0,3.2= 249,8(g)
=>C%ddAl2(SO4)3= (34,2/249,8).100=13,691%
nCaCO3=0,1(mol)
mH2SO4=147.20%=29,4(g) -> nH2SO4=0,3(mol)
PTHH: CaCO3 + H2SO4 -> CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O
Ta có: 0,3/1 > 0,1/1
=> CaCO3 hết, H2SO4 dư , tính theo nCaCO3
=> nCaSO4=nCO2=nCaCO3=0,1(mol) -> V(CO2,đktc)=0,1.22,4=2,24(l)
Còn vì CaSO4 là muối ít tan nên tui cứ tính nó là muối tan nha!
-> mCaSO4= 136.0,1=13,6(g)
=> mddCaSO4= 10+ 147 - 0,1.44= 152,6(g)
=> C%ddCaSO4=(13,6/152,6).100=8,912%
\(n_{CaCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
CaCO3 + H2SO4 ---------> CaSO4 + H2O + CO2
0,1............0,3
\(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\)=> Sau phản ứng H2SO4 dư
\(n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> V CO2 = 2,24 (l)
\(m_{CaSO4}=0,1.136=13,6\left(g\right)\)
Sau phản ứng tạo kết tủa nên không tính C%
PTHH: Fe3O4 + 8HCl --> FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O
Ta có nFe3O4=34,8/232=0,15 mol
nHCl=20.455,2/(100.36,5)=2,5 mol
=> nHCl dư = nHCl - nHCl PỨ=2,5-8nFe3O4=1,3mol
Ta có nFeCl2 = nFe3O4=0,15 mol, nFeCl3 = 2 nFe3O4=0,3 mol
Theo định luật bảo toàn khố lượng ta có :
mFe3O4+ mddHCl=mdd thu được
=> mdd thu được=34,8+ 455,2=490 g
=> C% ddHCl dư=1,3.36,5.100/490=9,6%
C%ddFeCl2=0,15.127.100/490=3,8%
C%ddFeCl3=0,3.162,5.100/490=9,9%
Làm bài tốt nha
a, \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
\(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{15,5}{62}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=2n_{Na_2O}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,5}=1\left(M\right)\)
b, \(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98}{20\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{122,5}{1,14}\approx107,46\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{4.64}{232}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_3O_4+4H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+4H_2O\)
\(0.2...............0.8.............0.2...........0.2\)
\(C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.8}{0.2}=4\left(M\right)\)
\(C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=C_{M_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0.2}{0.2}=1\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{48,75}{162,5}=0,3(mol)\\ 3NaOH+FeCl_3\to Fe(OH)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3(mol);n_{NaOH}=n_{NaCl}=0,9(mol)\\ a,m_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3.107=32,1(g)\\ b,m_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,9.40}{10\%}=360(g)\\ c,C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,9.58,5}{360+48,75-32,1}.100\%=13,98\%\\ \)
\(d,2Fe(OH)_3+3H_2SO_4\to Fe_2(SO_4)_3+6H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,45.98}{20\%}=220,5(g)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{220,5}{1,14}=193,42(ml)\)
\(Al+NaOH+H_2O\rightarrow NaAlO_2+\dfrac{3}{2}H_2\uparrow\)
\(Al_2O_3+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+H_2O\)
\(4H_2+Fe_3O_4\xrightarrow[]{t^o}3Fe+4H_2O\)
\(2NaAlO_2+4H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+4H_2O\)
\(2Fe+6H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2\uparrow+6H_2O\)
\(Fe+Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\rightarrow3FeSO_4\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{23,2}{232}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=245.20\%=49\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe_3O_4+4H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+4H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{4}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n_{Fe_3O_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=4n_{Fe_3O_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 23,2 + 245 = 268,2 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.152}{268,2}.100\%\approx5,67\%\\C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.400}{268,2}.100\%\approx14,81\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{268,2}.100\%\approx3,65\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!