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2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (1)
ZnO + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2O (2)
a) nH2= 13,44/22.4=0.6(mol) -> mH2=0,6.2=1,2(g)
Theo PTHH: nAl = 2/3 nH2 = 2/3 . 0,6= 0,4(mol) -> mAl = 0,4 . 27=10,8(g)
-> mZnO = 27-10,8= 16,2(g)
b) nZnO = 16,2/81=0,2(mol)
Theo PTHH (2): nHCl = 2nZnO=2.0,2=0,4(mol)
Theo PTHH (1) : nHCl=2nH2=2.0,6=1,2(mol)
-> \(\Sigma\)nHCl = 0,4+1,2=1,6(mol)
-> mHCl = 1,6.36,5= 58,4(g)
-> mddHCl = 58,4.100/29,2= 200(g)
c) Theo PTHH (1): nAlCl3 = 2/3 nH2 = 2/3 . 0,6=0,4(mol) -> mAlCl3=0,4.133,5=53,4(g)
mdd sau phản ứng= mA + mddHCl - mH2 =27+200-1,2 =225,8(g)
-> C% AlCl3 = 53,4.100%/225,8 = 20,88%
Theo PTHH (2) nZnCl2 =nZnO= 0,2(mol)-> mZnCl2=0,2.136=27,2(g)
-> C% ZnCl2= 27,2.100%/255,8=10,63%
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(2A1+2NAOH+2H_2O-2NaA10_2+H_2O\)
\(AI_2O_3=2NaOH+2NaOHA10_2+H_2O\)
\(n_{AI}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,6=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{AI}=27.0,4=10,8\left(gam\right);mAI_2O_3=31,2-10,8=20,4\left(gam\right)\)
Biết làm mỗi câu A
a) Gọi $n_{Al} =a (mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 27a + 56b = 13(1)$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = 1,5a + b = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra : $a = \dfrac{1}{15} ; b = 0,2$
$\%m_{Al} = \dfrac{ \dfrac{1}{15}.27}{13}.100\% = 13,8\%$
$\%m_{Fe} = 100\% - 13,8\% = 86,2\%$
b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,3.2 = 0,6(mol)$
$\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}} = \dfrac{0,6}{0,15} = 4M$
c) $n_{muối} = m_{kim\ loại} + m_{HCl} - m_{H_2} = 13 + 0,6.36,5 - 0,3.2 = 34,3(gam)$
Đáp án B
Cho Al và Ag phản ứng với H 2 S O 4 loãng, dư chỉ có Al phản ứng.
% m A l = 10,8 12 .100 % = 90 % .
% m A g = 100 % - 90 % = 10 %
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
_____0,4<-----------------------------------0,6
=> \(\%Al=\dfrac{0,4.27}{12}.100\%=90\%\)
%Ag = 100% - 90% = 10%
PT: \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
a, Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 24x + 27y = 12,6 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=x+\dfrac{3}{2}y\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,6\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MG}=\dfrac{0,3.24}{12,6}.100\%\approx57,1\%\\\%m_{Al}\approx42,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgSO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,6.98=58,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8}{14,7\%}=400\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 12,6 + 400 - 0,6.2 = 411,4 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,3.120}{411,4}.100\%\approx8,75\%\\C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.342}{411,4}.100\%\approx8,31\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
\(n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m=27a+56b=19.3\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H^+}=0.2\cdot2+0.2\cdot2.25\cdot2=1.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6H^+\rightarrow2Al^{3+}+3H_2\)
\(Fe+2H^+\rightarrow Fe^{2+}+H_2\)
\(n_{H^+}=3a+2b=1.3\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.3,b=0.2\)
\(\%Al=\dfrac{0.3\cdot27}{19.3}\cdot100\%=41.96\%\)
\(\%Fe=58.04\%\)
\(b.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H^+}=0.65\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m_{Muối}=19.3+0.4\cdot36.5+0.45\cdot98-0.65\cdot2=76.7\left(g\right)\)
PTHH:
(1) 2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3 H2
x_____3x_________x_______1,5x (mol)
(2) Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
y___________2y___y___y (mol)
Ta có: nH2= 13,44/22,4= 0,6(mol)
nH2(1) + nH2(2)= nH2(tổng)
<=> 1,5x+y=0,6 (a)
Ta có: mAl+mFe= 22,2
<=> 27x+56y=22,2 (b)
Từ (a), (b) ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,5x+y=0,6\\27x+56y=22,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: mAl= 0,2.27=5,4(g)
=> %mAl= \(\frac{5,4}{22,2}.100\approx24,324\%\)
=> \(\%mFe\approx100\%-24,324\%\approx75,676\%\)
* nAlCl3= x= 0,2(mol)
nFeCl2= y=0,3(mol)
=> mAlCl3= 133,5.0,2=26,7(g)
mFeCl2= 127.0,3= 38,1(g)
=> %mAlCl3= \(\frac{26,7}{26,7+38,1}.100\approx41,204\%\\ \Rightarrow\%mFeCl2\approx100\%-41,204\%\approx58,796\%\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=22,2\\1,5x+y=\frac{13,44}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\frac{0,2.27}{22,2}.100\%=24,32\%,\%m_{Fe}=100\%-24,32\%=75,68\%\)
\(m_{AlCl3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,3.127=38,1\left(g\right)\)