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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right);n_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{27,2}{136}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH(1): 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,2 0,3
PTHH(2): Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,2 0,2
Ta có: \(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=0,5-0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=0,2.27+0,2.65=18,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{XCl_3}=\dfrac{a}{M_X+106,5}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2X + 6HCl --> 2XCl3 + 3H2
=> \(n_X=\dfrac{a}{M_X+106,5}\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{X_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{b}{2.M_X+288}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2X + 3H2SO4 --> X2(SO4)3 + 3H2
=> \(n_X=\dfrac{b}{M_X+144}\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\\ Zn+2HCl->ZnCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4->FeSO_4+H_2\\ Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\\ n_{Al}=n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Zn}=3a\left(mol\right)\\ m_X=27,8=a\left(27+56\right)+3a.65\\ a=0,1\\ n_{HCl}=0,375.0,8=0,3mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45mol\\ n_{H^{^+}}=0,3+0,9=1,2mol\\ BT.e^{^{ }-}:3n_{Al}+2n_{Fe}+2n_{Zn}=3a+2a+6a=1,1mol\\ 2n_{H_2}=4n_{H^{^+}}=4,8mol\\ 1,1< 4,8\Rightarrow X:pư.hết\\ 2n_{H_2}=1,1\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,55mol\\ V_{H_2}=0,55.22,4=12,32L\)
\(\begin{array} {l} a)\\ Zn+H_2SO_4\to ZnSO_4+H_2\\ b)\\ n_{Zn}=\dfrac{32,5}{65}=0,5(mol)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.39,2\%}{98}=0,4(mol)\\ \text{Vì }n_{H_2SO_4}<n_{Zn}\to Zn\text{ dư}\\ \text{Theo PT: }n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4(mol)\\ \to V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96(l)\\ c)\\ \text{Theo PT: }n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4(mol)\\ \to m=m_{ZnSO_4}=0,4.161=64,4(g) \end{array}\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{32,6}{65}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.39,2\%}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
\(\dfrac{0,5}{1}>\dfrac{0,4}{1}\)
=>Zn dư
\(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\
m_{ZnSO_4}=0,4.161=64,4\left(g\right)\)
a, PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=0,5.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{H_2}=0,08\left(mol\right)< 0,1\left(mol\right)\)
→ HCl dư.
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}+n_{Fe}=x+y=0,04\left(1\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ 136x + 127y = 5,26 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,02\left(mol\right)\\y=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,02.65}{0,02.65+0,02.56}.100\%\approx53,72\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx46,28\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
=> nHCl = 0,8 (mol)
Theo ĐLBTKL: mA,B + mHCl = mmuối + mH2
=> mA,B = 39,4 + 0,4.2 - 0,8.36,5 = 11 (g)
TN1:
PTHH: FeO + H2 --to--> Fe + H2O
Fe2O3 + 3H2 --to--> 2Fe + 3H2O
CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
=> \(n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{15,3}{18}=0,85\left(mol\right)\)
TN2:
PTHH: FeO + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2O
Fe2O3 + 6HCl --> 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
CuO + 2HCl --> CuCl2 + H2O
=> \(n_{H_2O}=n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=0,85\left(mol\right)\)
=> nHCl = 1,7 (mol)
Theo ĐLBTKL: moxit + mHCl = mmuối + mH2O
=> 50,8 + 1,7.36,5 = mmuối + 0,85.18
=> mmuối = 97,55 (g)