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\(n_{AlCl_3}=0.2\cdot1=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0.5V\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{5.1}{102}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\(0.1...............0.05\)
TH1 : Al(OH)3 không bị hòa tan.
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(0.1...........0.3................0.1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow V=\dfrac{0.3}{0.5}=0.6\left(l\right)\)
TH2 : Al(OH)3 bị hòa tan một phần
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(0.2...........0.6................0.2\)
\(NaOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)
\(0.5V-0.6...0.5V-0.6\)
\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=0.2+0.5V-0.6=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V=1\left(l\right)\)
\(a,PTHH:3NaOH+FeCl_3\rightarrow3NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\\ 2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow^{t^o}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\uparrow\\ b,n_{FeCl_3}=1,5\cdot0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,9\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,9}{2}=0,45\left(l\right)\)
Theo đề: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}X:Fe\left(OH\right)_3\\A:NaCl\\Y:Fe_2O_3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaCl}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,9}{0,45+0,2}\approx1,4M\)
\(c,\) Theo PT: \(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=n_{FeCl_3}=0,3\left(mol\right);n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_X=m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,3\cdot107=32,1\left(g\right)\\m_Y=m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,15\cdot160=24\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) PHTT : Fe +CuSO4 -> FeSO4+Cu
Cu+ HCl -> k phản ứng
khố lượng chất rắn cần tính sau phản ứng là Cu
nCuSO4 =0,2 .1= 0,2 (mol)
theo pt : nCu=nCuSO4 =0,2 mol
=> mCu =0,2 .64 =12,8(g)
b) PTHH : FeSO4 + 2NaOH -> Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4
Theo phần a) ta có : nFeSO4=nCuSO4=0,2 mol
theo pt :nNaOH= 2nFeSO4 = 0,2.2=0,4 (mol)
=> VddNaOH= 0,4/1=0,4 l
c)
PTHH: 4Fe(OH)2 +O2 +2H2O -> 4Fe(OH)3
Theo phần b ta có:
nFe(OH)2=nFeSO4= 0,2 mol
theo pt : nFe(OH)3=nFe(OH)2 = 0,2 (mol)
=> mFe(OH)3 = 0,2 .(56+(16+1).3)=21,4 (g)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{200.16\%}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+Na_2SO_4\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
\(m_{NaOH}=0,4.40=16\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{16.100}{10}=160\left(g\right)\)
\(c,m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,2.142=28,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddNa_2SO_4}=200+160-\left(0,2.98\right)=340,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{28,4}{240,4}.100\%\approx8,34\%\)
\(d,PTHH:\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
0,2 0,2
\(m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\)
a, \(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\)
b, \(m_{CuSO_4}=200.16\%=32\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{32}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=2n_{CuSO_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,4.40}{10\%}=160\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{CuSO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.142}{200+160-0,2.98}.100\%\approx8,34\%\)
d, \(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
\(n_{CuO}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\)
a, PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_{2\downarrow}\)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{9,6}{24}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,8}{0,2}=4\left(M\right)\)
c, Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=0,4.40=16\left(g\right)\)
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