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a, \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
b, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.8\%}{98}=\dfrac{8}{49}\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{8}{49}}{1}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{MgSO_4}=n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\left(\dfrac{8}{49}-0,1\right).98=6,2\left(g\right)\)
c, \(C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{2,4+200-0,1.2}.100\%\approx5,93\%\)
Sửa: \(14,7\%\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.14,7\%}{100\%.98}=0,3(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)\\ b,n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4(g)\\ c,n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.342}{200+5,4-0,3.2}.100\%=16,7\%\\ c,m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=0,1.342=34,2(g)\)
\(a,PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ b,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=2\cdot0,15=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{Zn}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\) nên sau p/ứ Zn dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,15\cdot65=9,75\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=13-9,75=3,25\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
Gọi \(n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\)\(;n_{Zn}=y\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+65y=18,6\\2x+2y=2n_{H_2}=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{18,6}\cdot100\%=30,11\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-30,11\%=69,89\%\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,2
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,4
\(n_{HCl}=0,2+0,4=0,6mol\)
\(C_M=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3M\)
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Zn}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Zn}=0,05.65=3,25\left(g\right)\\ m_{\text{dd}H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05.98}{19,6\%}=25\left(g\right)\\ V_{\text{dd}H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{25}{1,84}\approx13,587\left(ml\right)\)
a) \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CO2 + 2NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O
Mol: 0,15 0,3 0,15
\(C_{M_{ddNaOH}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5M\)
b) Na2CO3: natri cacbonat
\(m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,15.106=15,9\left(g\right)\)
c)
PTHH: 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Mol: 0,15 0,075
\(V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,075}{1}=0,075\left(l\right)=75\left(ml\right)\)
\(\left(a\right)2Al+3H_2O\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ \left(b\right)n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6mol\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{0,6.2}{3}=0,4mol\\ m_{Al}=0,4.27=10,8g\\ \left(c\right)n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,8}{32}=0,15mol\\ 4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2Al_2O_3\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,4}{4}>\dfrac{0,15}{3}\Rightarrow Al.dư\\ n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,15.2}{3}=0,1mol\\ m_{oxit}=m_{Al_2O_3}=0,1.102=10,2g\)
a: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow1Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
0,4 0,6 0,2 0,6
b: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13.44}{22.4}=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
=>\(n_{Al}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=0.4\cdot27=10.8\left(g\right)\)
c: \(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow2Al_2O_3\)
0,4 0,2
\(m_{Al_2O_3}=0.2\left(27\cdot2+16\cdot3\right)=0.2\cdot102=20.4\left(g\right)\)
\(a.HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
PỨ trung hoà
\(b,n_{NaOH}=0,1.1=0,1mol\\ n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=n_{HCl}0,1mol\\ m=m_{HCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65g\\ c,m_{NaCl}=0,1.58,5=5,85g\\ d,n_{HCl}=\dfrac{73.10}{100.36,5}=0,2mol\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\Rightarrow HCl.dư\\ n_{HCl,pứ}=n_{NaOH}=0,1mol\\ m_{HCl,dư}=\left(0,2-0,1\right).36,5=3,65g\)