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a) \(4xy\le\left(x+y\right)^2=1\)
=> \(xy\le4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = 1/2
b) A = \(A=x^2+2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+y^2+2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}=\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)+4\ge2xy+\dfrac{2}{xy}+4=\left(32xy+\dfrac{2}{xy}\right)-30xy+4\ge8-\dfrac{30}{4}+4=\dfrac{9}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = 1/2
\(P=\dfrac{18}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{5}{xy}=\dfrac{18\left(x+y\right)^2}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{5\left(x+y\right)^2}{xy}=\dfrac{18\left[\left(x^2+y^2\right)+2xy\right]}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{5\left[\left(x^2+y^2\right)+2xy\right]}{xy}=18+\dfrac{36xy}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{5\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{xy}+10=28+\left[\dfrac{36xy}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{5\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{xy}\right]\overset{Cauchy}{\ge}28+2\sqrt{\dfrac{36xy}{x^2+y^2}.\dfrac{5\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{xy}}=28+2.6\sqrt{5}=28+12\sqrt{5}\)
=> \(P^{ }_{min}=28+12\sqrt{5}\) khi và chỉ khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{36xy}{x^2+y^2}=\dfrac{5\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{xy}\\x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5-\sqrt{5}}{4}\\y=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{4}\\y=\dfrac{5-\sqrt{5}}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có \(\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)\left(y^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)=x^2y^2+1+1+\dfrac{1}{x^2y^2}=x^2y^2+2+\dfrac{1}{x^2y^2}=\dfrac{x^4y^4+2x^2y^2+1}{x^2y^2}=\dfrac{\left(x^2y^2+1\right)^2}{\left(xy\right)^2}=\left(\dfrac{x^2y^2+1}{xy}\right)^2=\left(xy+\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)^2=\left(xy+\dfrac{1}{16xy}+\dfrac{15}{16xy}\right)^2\)
Áp dụng bđt cosi, ta có \(xy+\dfrac{1}{16xy}\ge2\sqrt{xy.\dfrac{1}{16xy}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{16}}=2.\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(2\sqrt{xy}\le\left(x+y\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{xy}\le\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow xy\le\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{15}{16xy}\ge\dfrac{15}{4}\)
Vậy \(xy+\dfrac{1}{16xy}+\dfrac{15}{16xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{15}{4}=\dfrac{17}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(xy+\dfrac{1}{16xy}+\dfrac{15}{16xy}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{289}{16}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\xy=\dfrac{1}{16xy}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=y=0,5\)
Vậy GTNN của \(\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)\left(y^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)\)=\(\dfrac{289}{16}\) và xảy ra khi x=y=0,5
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2xy}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{2.\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}}+\dfrac{4}{2xy+x^2+y^2}=\dfrac{6}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=6\)
\(P_{min}=6\) khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Cách khác:
Đặt $xy=t$. Bằng $AM-GM$ dễ thấy $t\leq \frac{1}{4}$
\(P=\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{(x+y)^2-2xy}=\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{1-2xy}=\frac{1}{t}+\frac{1}{1-2t}\)
\(=\frac{1}{t}-4+\frac{1}{1-2t}-2+6=\frac{(1-4t)(1-3t)}{t(1-2t)}+6\geq 6\) với mọi $t\leq \frac{1}{4}$
Vậy $P_{\min}=6$ khi $x=y=\frac{1}{2}$