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(a+b)(a2+ab+b2)+ab
=1(a2+2ab+b2-ab)+ab
=((a+b)2-ab)+ab
=1-ab+ab
=1
\(a^3+b^3+ab\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)+ab\)
\(=a^2-ab+b^2+ab\)
\(=a^2+b^2\)
\(=a^2+b^2+2ab-2ab\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab\)
\(=1-2ab\)
Ta có: \(a+b=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=1^2\)
\(a^2+2ab+b^2=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(a^2+2ab+b^2\ge2ab+2.\sqrt{a^2b^2}=2ab+2ab=4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{4}\ge ab\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+ab=1-2ab\ge1-2.\frac{1}{4}=1-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
đpcm
P/S: Nếu bạn chưa học AM-GM thì chứng minh bài toán phụ
\(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)rồi áp dụng nhé~
Có: \(\frac{a^2}{1-a}=\frac{a^2-1+1}{1-a}=\frac{a^2-1}{1-a}+\frac{1}{1-a}=-\left(a+1\right)+\frac{1}{1-a}\)
Suy ra:
\(\frac{a^2}{1-a}+\frac{b^2}{1-b}+\frac{1}{a+b}+a+b\)
\(=\frac{1}{1-a}+\frac{1}{1-b}+\frac{1}{a+b}+a+b-a-1-b-1\)
\(=\frac{1}{1-a}+\frac{1}{1-b}+\frac{1}{a+b}-2\).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}\)ta có:
\(\frac{1}{1-a}+\frac{1}{1-b}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge\frac{9}{1-a+1-b+a+b}=\frac{9}{2}\).
Suy ra: \(\frac{1}{1-a}+\frac{1}{1-b}+\frac{1}{a+b}-2\ge\frac{9}{2}-2=\frac{5}{2}.\)
Vậy ta có đpcm.
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}=\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\)
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}=\left(\frac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{c}\right)^2+2\frac{1}{ab}+2\frac{1}{bc}+2\frac{1}{ac}\)
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2}{ab}+\frac{2}{bc}+\frac{2}{ac}\)
\(\frac{2}{ab}+\frac{2}{bc}+\frac{2}{ac}=0\\ 2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}\right)=0\)
\(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}=0\\ \frac{abc^2+a^2bc+ab^2c}{a^2b^2c^2}=0\)
\(abc^2+a^2bc+ab^2c=0\\ abc\left(c+a+b\right)=0\)
\(a+b+c=0\)(DPCM)
\(A=\left(a+b+1\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\left(a+b+1\right).2ab+\frac{4}{a+b}=2\left(a+b+1\right)+\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+b\right)+\frac{4}{a+b}+2\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right).\frac{4}{a+b}}+2\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2+4+2=8\)
"=" khi \(a=b=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT cho 2 số dương:
\(\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
Xét: c + 1 = c + a + b + c
\(\frac{ab}{\left(c+1\right)}\le\frac{ab}{4}.\left[\frac{1}{\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)}\right]\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{bc}{\left(a+1\right)}\le\frac{bc}{4}.\left[\frac{1}{\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b+a\right)}\right]\)
\(\frac{ca}{\left(b+1\right)}\le\frac{ac}{4}.\left[\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c+b\right)}\right]\)
Cộng lại:
\(\frac{ac}{\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{bc}{\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{ca}{\left(b+1\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left\{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{bc}{\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{bc}{\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ac}{\left(a+b\right)}\right\}\)
Cộng lại + rút gọn mẫu số
\(\frac{ab}{\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{bc}{\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{ca}{b+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{1}{4}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi a = b = c
P/s: Sai đâu bạn sửa nhé!
\(\dfrac{9}{4}=ab+a+b+1\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+a+b+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2+4\left(a+b\right)-5\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b-1\right)\left(a+b+5\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b-1\ge0\) (do \(a+b+5>0\))
\(\Rightarrow a+b\ge1\)
b.
\(a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.1^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
1) Bài này có 2 cách giải
Cách 1:
để ý rằng \(\hept{\begin{cases}1-x^2=\left(1-x\right)\left(1+x\right)=\left(y+z\right)\left(2x+y+z\right)\\x+yz=x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\end{cases}}\)
ta có: \(\frac{1-x^2}{x+yz}=\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{bc}=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\)
trong đó: \(a=y+z;b=z+x;c=x+y\). Tương tự, ta cũng có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1-y^2}{y+zx}=\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{a}\\\frac{1-z^2}{z+xy}=\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\end{cases}}\)
Do đó sử dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(VT_{\left(1\right)}=\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)\ge6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c và x=y=z=\(\frac{1}{3}\)
Cách 2:
Sử dụng BĐT AM-GM dạng \(ab\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\), ta có:
\(x+yz\le x+\frac{\left(y+z\right)^2}{4}=x+\frac{\left(1-x\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(1+x\right)^2}{4}\)
Do đó: \(\frac{1-x^2}{x+yz}\ge\frac{4\left(1-x^2\right)}{\left(1+x\right)^2}=\frac{4\left(1-x\right)}{1+x}=4\left(\frac{2}{1+x}-1\right)\)
tương tự có:\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1-y^2}{x+yz}\ge4\left(\frac{2}{1+y}-1\right)\\\frac{1-z^2}{z+xy}\ge4\left(\frac{2}{1+z}-1\right)\end{cases}}\)
Cộng các đánh giá trên và sử dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng cộng mẫu, ta được
\(VT_{\left(1\right)}\ge8\left(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\right)-12\)
\(\ge8\cdot\frac{9}{3+x+y+z}+12=6\)
\(a+b+c+ab+ac+bc=6abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ac}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=6\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{a}=x\\\frac{1}{b}=y\\\frac{1}{c}=z\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x+y+z+xy+xz+yz=6\)
Cần chứng minh \(P=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\)
Ta có các BĐT quen thuộc:
\(x^2+1\ge2x\) ; \(y^2+1\ge2y\); \(z^2+1\ge2z\)
\(2x^2+2y^2+2z^2\ge2xy+2xz+2yz\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+3\ge2\left(x+y+z+xy+xz+yz\right)=12\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge9\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có:\(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2-a^2-2ab-b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2-\left(a+b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki ta có:
\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(1+1\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{1}=\frac{b}{1}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)