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Ta có: \(1+x^2=xy+yz+xz+x^2=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\)
\(1+y^2=xy+yz+xz+y^2=\left(z+y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
\(1+z^2=xy+yz+xz+z^2=\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)\)
Thay vào biểu thức A, ta có bt sau:
\(A=x\sqrt{\frac{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\)
\(+y\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}}\)
\(+z\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+z\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\)
\(=x\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)^2}+y\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)^2}+z\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
\(=x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\)(x,y,z dương)
\(=2\left(xy+xz+yz\right)=2.1=2\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(2x^2+xy+2y^2=\frac{3}{2}(x^2+y^2)+\frac{1}{2}(x^2+2xy+y^2)\)
\(=\frac{3}{2}(x^2+y^2)+\frac{1}{2}(x+y)^2\)
Theo BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\((x^2+y^2)(1+1)\geq (x+y)^2\Rightarrow \frac{3}{2}(x^2+y^2)\geq \frac{3}{4}(x+y)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow 2x^2+xy+2y^2=\frac{3}{2}(x^2+y^2)+\frac{1}{2}(x+y)^2\geq \frac{5}{4}(x+y)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{2x^2+xy+2y^2}\geq \frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}(x+y)\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}\geq \frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}(y+z)\)
\(\sqrt{2z^2+zx+2x^2}\geq \frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}(z+x)\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT thu được:
\(\sqrt{2x^2+xy+2y^2}+\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}+\sqrt{2z^2+zx+2x^2}\geq \sqrt{5}(x+y+z)=\sqrt{5}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
4x2 + 2y2 + 2z2 - 4xy + 2yz - 4xz - 6y - 10z + 34 = 0
<=> [ ( 4x2 - 4xy + y2 ) - 4xz + 2yz + z2 ] + ( y2 - 6y + 9 ) + ( z2 - 10z + 25 ) = 0
<=> [ ( 2x - y )2 - 2( 2x - y )z + z2 ] + ( y - 3 )2 + ( z - 5 )2 = 0
<=> ( 2x - y - z )2 + ( y - 3 )2 + ( z - 5 )2 = 0
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2x-y-z\right)^2\\\left(y-3\right)^2\\\left(z-5\right)^2\end{cases}}\ge0\forall x,y,z\Rightarrow\left(2x-y-z\right)+\left(y-3\right)^2+\left(z-5\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y,z\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x-y-z=0\\y-3=0\\z-5=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=3\\z=5\end{cases}}\)
Thế vào S ta được :
S = ( x - 4 )2020 + ( y - 3 )2020 + ( z - 5 )2020
= ( 4 - 4 )2020 + ( 3 - 3 )2020 + ( 5 - 5 )2020
= 0 + 0 + 0
= 0
1) \(E^2=\frac{x^2-2xy+y^2}{x^2+2xy+y^2}=\frac{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)-4xy}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+4xy}=\frac{5xy-4xy}{5xy+4xy}=\frac{xy}{9xy}=\frac{1}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow E=\frac{1}{3}\)(vì x>y>0)
2) Ta có \(x+y+z=0\Rightarrow x+y=1-z\)
Lại có : \(1=\left(x+y+z\right)^2=1+2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\Rightarrow2xy+2yz+2xz=0\Rightarrow2xy=-2z\left(x+y\right)=-2z\left(1-z\right)\)Thay vào \(x^2+y^2+z^2=1\) được :
\(\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy+z^2=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-z\right)^2-2z\left(1-z\right)+z^2=1\Leftrightarrow4z^2-4z=0\Leftrightarrow z\left(z-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}z=0\\z=1\end{cases}}\)
Với z = 0 => x + y = 1 và x2+y2 = 1 => x = 0 , y = 1 hoặc x = 1 , y =0
=> A = 1
Tương tự với z = 1 , ta cũng có x = 0 , y = 0 => A = 1
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức: x2 + a2y2 \(\ge\)2axy, ta có:
\(\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\le\frac{\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\left[y^2+\left(\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\right)^2x^2\right]+\left[\left(\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\right)^2z^2+x^2\right]}{2}\)=
\(\frac{\left(\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)+2\left(\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\right)^2z^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)\le\frac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\left(3+\sqrt{5}\right)z^2\)\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2-2z^2\ge\sqrt{5}-1\)\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{5}-1\)
Vậy GTNN của P là \(\sqrt{5}-1\)khi \(x=y=\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}z.\)
Bài 32:
a) P= \(\frac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}+4}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\)
= \(\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)+\left(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}\right)}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\)
= \(\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)+\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\)
= \(\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\)
= \(1+\sqrt{2}\)
b) Có: \(x^2-2y^2=xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-y^2-y^2-xy=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-y\left(y+x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y-y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x-2y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\x-2y=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-y\\x=2y\end{cases}}}\)
Thay x=-y ta có: Q=\(\frac{-y-y}{-y+y}\)=\(\frac{-2y}{0}\)(loại )
Thay x=2y ta có : Q=\(\frac{2y-y}{2y+y}=\frac{y}{3y}=\frac{1}{3}\)