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a, \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
b, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.8\%}{98}=\dfrac{8}{49}\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{8}{49}}{1}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{MgSO_4}=n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\left(\dfrac{8}{49}-0,1\right).98=6,2\left(g\right)\)
c, \(C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{2,4+200-0,1.2}.100\%\approx5,93\%\)
a) \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CO2 + 2NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O
Mol: 0,15 0,3 0,15
\(C_{M_{ddNaOH}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5M\)
b) Na2CO3: natri cacbonat
\(m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,15.106=15,9\left(g\right)\)
c)
PTHH: 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Mol: 0,15 0,075
\(V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,075}{1}=0,075\left(l\right)=75\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{1,6}{80}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=100.20\%=20\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{20}{98}=\dfrac{10}{49}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O
Mol: 0,02 0,02 0,02
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,02}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{10}{49}}{1}\) ⇒ CuO hết, H2SO4 dư
mdd sau pứ = 1,6 + 100 = 101,6 (g)
\(C\%_{ddCuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,02.160.100\%}{101,6}=3,15\%\)
\(C\%_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{10}{49}-0,02\right).98.100\%}{101,6}=17,76\%\)
\(a.HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
PỨ trung hoà
\(b,n_{NaOH}=0,1.1=0,1mol\\ n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=n_{HCl}0,1mol\\ m=m_{HCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65g\\ c,m_{NaCl}=0,1.58,5=5,85g\\ d,n_{HCl}=\dfrac{73.10}{100.36,5}=0,2mol\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\Rightarrow HCl.dư\\ n_{HCl,pứ}=n_{NaOH}=0,1mol\\ m_{HCl,dư}=\left(0,2-0,1\right).36,5=3,65g\)
PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{4,8}{160}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,09\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,09\cdot98}{9,8\%}=90\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,03\cdot400=12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 1:
PTHH: \(BaO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+H_2O\)
Bđ____0,05___0,2
Pư____0,05___0,05_______0,05
Kt____0______0,15_______0,05
\(m_{kt}=m_{BaSO_4}=0,05.233=11,65\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddsaupư}=7,65+200-11,65=196\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%ddH_2SO_4=7,5\%\)
Bài 2: \(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
bđ___0,1_______0,5
pư__1/12_______0,5_____1/6
kt ___1/60______0_______1/6
\(m_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{6}.162,5\approx27g\)
\(C_{MddFeCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{6}:0,5\approx0,3M\)
a) PTHH: \(FeCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow3NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\)
\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{FeCl_3}=0,3\cdot0,5=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,45mol\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,45}{0,25}=1,8\left(l\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,45mol\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,45}{2,1}\approx0,21\left(M\right)\)
(Coi như thể tích dd thay đổi không đáng kể)
d) Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{FeCl_3}=0,225mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,225\cdot98}{20\%}=110,25\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{110,25}{1,14}\approx96,71\left(ml\right)\)
a,\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.3=0,6\left(mol\right);n_{BaCl_2}=0,35.2=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: H2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 ↓ + 2HCl
Mol: 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,12
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,6}{1}< \dfrac{0,7}{1}\)⇒ H2SO4 hết, BaCl2 dư
\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,6.233=139,8\left(g\right)\)
b,Vdd sau pứ = 0,2+0,35 = 0,55 (l)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,55}=\dfrac{12}{11}M\)
\(C_{M_{BaCl_2dư}}=\dfrac{0,7-0,6}{0,55}=\dfrac{2}{11}M\)
c,\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(lt\right)}=0,6.98=58,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(pứ\right)}=\dfrac{58,8}{75\%}=78,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{78,4}{98}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 3FeS2 + 6H2O + 11O2 → Fe3O4 + 6H2SO4
Mol: 0,4 0,8
\(m_{FeS_2\left(lt\right)}=0,8.120=96\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1,6}{160}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49.6\%}{98}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
0,01 0,03 0,01
\(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,01.400}{1,6+49}.100\%=7,91\left(\%\right)\)
c, axit phản ứng hết