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Cu không pư với dd H2SO4 loãng.
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,479}{24,79}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=10-6,5=3,5\left(g\right)\)
Số mol của khí hidro ở dktc
nH2 = \(\dfrac{V_{H2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2\(|\)
1 1 1 1
0,1 0,1
Số mol của kẽm
nZn = \(\dfrac{0,1.1}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Khối lượng của kẽm
mZn = nZn . MZn
= 0,1 . 65
= 6,5 (g)
Khối lượng của đồng
mCu = 10 - 6,5
= 3,5 (g)
0/0Zn = \(\dfrac{m_{Zn}.100}{m_{hh}}=\dfrac{6,5.100}{10}=65\)0/0
0/0Cu = \(\dfrac{m_{Cu}.100}{m_{hh}}=\dfrac{3,5.100}{10}=35\)0/0
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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)....0,1.....0,1...........0,1.....\leftarrow0,1\\ m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{10}.100\%=65\%\\\%m_{Cu}=100\%-65\%=35\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m=27a+56b=19.3\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H^+}=0.2\cdot2+0.2\cdot2.25\cdot2=1.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6H^+\rightarrow2Al^{3+}+3H_2\)
\(Fe+2H^+\rightarrow Fe^{2+}+H_2\)
\(n_{H^+}=3a+2b=1.3\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.3,b=0.2\)
\(\%Al=\dfrac{0.3\cdot27}{19.3}\cdot100\%=41.96\%\)
\(\%Fe=58.04\%\)
\(b.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H^+}=0.65\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m_{Muối}=19.3+0.4\cdot36.5+0.45\cdot98-0.65\cdot2=76.7\left(g\right)\)
a, Ta có: 27nAl + 56nFe = 0,83 (1)
PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{Fe}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,01.27}{0,83}.100\%\approx32,53\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx67,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, nH2SO4 = nH2 = 0,025 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,025.98}{20\%}=12,25\left(g\right)\)
\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3(mol)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,6(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{HCl}}=0,6.36,5=21,9(g)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{21,9}{28\%}=78,21(g)\\ b,n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,3.24=7,2(g)\\ \Rightarrow {\%}_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{18}.100{\%}=40\%\\ \Rightarrow {\%}_{Ag}=60\%\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
tl1..........1................1.............1(mol)
br x.......x................x.............x(mol)
\(Cu+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2\)
tl1............1...............1...........1(mol)
Br y...........y...............y...........y(mol)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Taco hệ pt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,05\\24x+64y=5\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,045\\y=0,095\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=0,045.24:5.100\%=21,6\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=100\%-21,6\%=78,4\%\)
PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
a_______a_______a_____a (mol)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
2b______3b__________b_____3b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27\cdot2b=11\\a+3b=0,2\cdot2=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{11}\cdot100\%\approx50,91\%\\\%m_{Al}=49,09\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,4\cdot22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\\C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) nH2SO4=0,4(mol)
Đặt: nFe=x(mol); nAl=y(mol) (x,y>0)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2
x________x______x______x(mol)
2Al + 3 H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2
y____1,5y_______0,5y_______1,5y(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=11\\x+1,5y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mFe=0,1.56=5,6(g)
=>%mFe=(5,6/11).100=50,909%
=>%mAl= 49,091%
b) V(H2,đktc)=0,4.22,4=8,96(l)
c) nAl2(SO4)3= 0,5y=0,5.0,2=0,1(mol)
nFeSO4=x=0,1(mol)
Vddsau=VddH2SO4=0,2(l)
=>CMddAl2(SO4)3= 0,1/0,2=0,5(M)
CMddFeSO4=0,1/0,2=0,5(M)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Fe + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2
2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol Fe, Al
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=11\\x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{11}.100=50,91\%\)
=> %m Al = 100 - 50,91 =49,09 %
b)Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
c) \(CM_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
\(CM_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{\dfrac{0,2}{2}}{0,2}=0,5M\)
Vì Ag không tác dụng với H2SO4 loãng
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2|\)
2 3 1 3
0,2 0,3 0,3
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{0,3.2}{3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Ag}=15-5,4=9,6\left(g\right)\)
0/0Al = \(\dfrac{5,4.100}{15}=36\)0/0
0/0Ag = \(\dfrac{9,6.100}{15}=64\)0/0
b) \(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{0,2.3}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{ddH2SO4}=\dfrac{0,3}{1}=0,3\left(l\right)=300\left(ml\right)\)
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