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PTHH: \(Na_2O\) + \(H_2O\) ----->2NAOH
a. \(m_{_{ }ddNaOH}\) = \(m_{H_2O}\) = 187,6g
ACDT: \(m_{ct}\) = \(\frac{m_{dd}.C\%}{100}\) => \(m_{NaOH}\) = \(\frac{187,6.8}{100}\) = 15,008g
b. PTHH: \(NaOH\) + \(HNO_3\) ----> \(NaNO_3\) + \(H_2O\)
ADCT: \(m_{ct}=\frac{m_{dd}.C\%}{100}\) ---> \(m_{HNO_3}\) = \(\frac{187,6.15}{100}\) = 28,14(g)
=> \(n_{HNO_3}\) = \(\frac{28,14}{63}\) = 0,4(mol)
Theo PT: \(n_{NANO_3}\) = \(n_{HNO_3}\) =0,4 (mol)
=> \(m_{NaNO_3}=\) 0,4 x 85 = 34(g)
\(C\%_{NaNO_3}\) = \(\frac{34}{187,6}\)x100% = 18,2%
(Ko bít mik làm có đúng ko nữa!!!! 
)
Câu a bổ sung bạn nhé!!!!!
\(n_{NaOH}=\frac{15,008}{40}=0,3752\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Na_2O}=2n_{NaOH}=2.0,3752=0,7504\left(mol\right)\)
ADCT: m = n.M => \(m_{Na_2O}\) = 0.7504.62 = 46.5248 (g)
Ta có :
\(n_{Na}=\frac{m_1}{23}\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:2Na+2H2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H2\)
________\(\frac{m_1}{23}\)_______________\(\frac{m_1}{23}\)____\(\frac{m_1}{46}\)(mol)
BTKL:\(m_{dd_B}=m_{Na}+m_{H2O}-m_{H2}=m_1+m_2-\frac{2.m_1}{46}=\frac{22}{23}m_1+m_2\left(g\right)\)
a,\(C\%_{dd_B}=\frac{40.\frac{m_1}{23}}{\frac{22m_1}{23}+m_2}.100\%=\frac{4000m_1}{22m_1+23m_2}\left(\%\right)\)
b,\(CM_{dd_B}=\frac{m_1}{23}.\frac{\left(\frac{22}{23}m_1+m_2\right)}{d}=\frac{22m_1^2+m_1.m_2}{529d}\)
c,\(C\%=6\%\Rightarrow\frac{4000m_1}{22m_1+23m_2}=6\Rightarrow4000m_1=132m_1+138m_2\)
\(\Rightarrow3868m_1=138m_2\Rightarrow\frac{m_1}{m_2}=\frac{138}{3868}=\frac{69}{1934}\)
\(CM=3,5M\Rightarrow\frac{22m_1^2+m_1m_2}{529d}=3,5\Rightarrow d=\frac{22m^2_1+m_1m_2}{1851,5}\)(g/mol)
Mg+H2SO4----> MgSO4+H2
n Mg=1,2/24=0,05(mol)
m H2SO4=\(\frac{100.9,8}{100}=9,8\left(g\right)\)
n H2SO4=9,8.98=0,1(mol)
---->H2SO4dư
m H2=0,05.2=0,1(g)
m dd sau pư=1,2+100-0,1=101,1(g)
n H2SO4 dư=0,05(mol)
C% H2SO4=\(\frac{0,05.98}{101,1}.10\%=4,85\%\)
\(\text{Mg + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2}\)
\(\text{Ta có: nMg=1,2/24=0,05 mol}\)
Vì
\(\text{mH2SO4=100.9,8%=9,8 gam}\)
\(\text{-> nH2SO4=9,8/98=0,1 mol}\)
-> H2SO4 dư
-> nH2SO4 phản ứng=nH2=nMg=0,05 mol -> nH2SO4 dư=0,05 mol -> mH2SO4 dư=0,05.98=4,9 gam
BTKL: m dung dịch sau phản ứng=mMg + m dung dịch H2SO4 -mH2\(\text{=1,2+100-0,05.2=101,1 gam}\)
\(\text{-> %H2SO4 dư=4,9/101,1=4,85%}\)
Bài 1: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{9}{49}\left(mol\right)\)
H2SO4 + 2KOH -> K2SO4 + 2H2O
=> nKOH= 2nH2SO4 = \(\frac{18}{49}\left(mol\right)\)
=> Vdd KOH = \(\frac{18}{49}:\frac{2}{1000}=\frac{9000}{49}\left(ml\right)\)
b) nK2SO4 = nH2SO4 = \(\frac{9}{49}\left(mol\right)\)
=> mK2SO4= \(\frac{9}{49}\cdot174=\frac{1566}{49}\left(g\right)\)
mdd KOH = \(\frac{9000}{49}\cdot1,12=\frac{1440}{7}\left(g\right)\)
c) \(\%m_{K_2SO_4}=\frac{1566}{49}:\left(200+\frac{1440}{7}\right)\cdot100\%\approx7,87\%\)
bài 2: nNa2CO3 = 0,05 (mol)
PTHH:
Na2CO3 + 2HCl -> 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
=> nHCl = n NaCl = 2nNa2CO3 = 0,1 (mol)
=> mNaCl= 0,1 . 58,5 = 5,85 (g)
b) nCO2 = nNa2CO3 = 0,05 (mol)
=> mCO2 = 0,05 . 44 = 2,2 (g)
mdd HCl = 0,1 . 36,5 :20% = 18,25 (g)
=> %mNaCl = \(\frac{5,85}{53+18,25-2,2}\approx8,47\%\)
a) PTHH: Na2CO3 + H2SO4 -> Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2
nCO2= 1,68/22,4= 0,075(mol)
=> nNa2CO3= nCO2=nH2SO4=nNa2SO4(sản phẩm)= 0,075(mol)
=> mNa2CO3= 0,075. 106=7,95(g)
=> %mNa2CO3= (7,95/9,37).100 \(\approx\)84,845%
b) mH2SO4= 98.0,075= 7,35(g)
=> mddH2SO4= (7,35.100)/9,8= 75(g)
c) mddsau = m(hỗn hợp A)+ mddH2SO4- mCO2= 9,37+75-0,075.44=81,07(g)
Chất tan trong dd sau phản ứng chỉ có Na2SO4
mNa2SO4= mNa2SO4(hỗn hợp A) + mNa2SO4(sản phẩm)= (9,37-7,95)+0,075.142=12,07(g)
=> C%ddNa2SO4= (12,07/81,07).100\(\approx\) 14,888%
Đặt số mol Na2CO3 và Na2SO4 lần lượt là a và b
Ta có :
\(\text{106a+142b=9.37}\)
\(\text{a. Na2CO3+ H2SO4}\rightarrow\text{Na2SO4+H2O+CO2}\)
\(\text{nCO2=}\frac{1,68}{22,4}\text{=0.075=nNa2CO3=a}\)
\(\rightarrow\text{mNa2CO3=0,075.106=7,95}\)
\(\rightarrow\text{%mNa2CO3}=\frac{\text{7,95}}{\text{9,37}}.100\%\text{=84,84%}\)
\(\rightarrow\text{%mNa2SO4=15,16%}\)
b.nH2SO4=nCO2=0,075
\(\rightarrow\)mH2SO4=0,075.98=7,35g
\(\rightarrow\text{mdd H2SO4}=\frac{\text{7.35}}{9,8}.100\%\text{=75g}\)
c.mdd sau phản ứng=9,37+mddH2SO4-mCO2
=9,37+75-0,075.44=81,07
mNa2SO4 tạo ra là 0,075.142=10,65
\(\rightarrow\)Tổng khối lượng \(Na2SO4=\text{10,65+9,37-7,95=12,07}\)
\(\rightarrow C\%Na2SO4=\frac{12,07}{81,07}.100\%=\text{14,88%}\)
1.
\(PTHH:2CH_3COOH+Mg\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg+H_2\)
\(n_{Mg}=\frac{7,2}{24}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CH3COOH}=\frac{120.20}{100}=24\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{CH3COOH}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT:
\(n_{\left(CH3COO\right)2Mg}=\frac{1}{2}n_{CH3COOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{\left(CH3COO\right)2Mg}=28,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd_{spu}}=7,2+120-0,4=126,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CH3COOMg}=22,3\%\)
2.
\(PTHH:CH_3COOH+NaOH\rightarrow CH_3COONa+H_2O\)
Ta có :
\(m_{CH3COH}=\frac{15.120}{100}=18\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{CH3COOH}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH}=\frac{20.100}{100}=20g\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT thì NaOH dư
\(n_{CH3COONa}=n_{CH3COOH}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CH3COONa}=24,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(spu\right)}=120+100=220\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CH3COONa}=11,2\%\)
3.
\(n_{CaO}=\frac{14}{56}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CH3COOH}=\frac{200.18}{100}=36\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{CH3COOH}=\frac{36}{60}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:2CH_3COOH+CaO\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Ca+H_2O\)
Lập tỉ lệ: \(\frac{0,25}{1}< \frac{0,6}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) CaO hết. CH3COOH dư
\(n_{CH3COOH_{dư}}=0,6-0,25.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(thu.duoc\right)}=14+200=214\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{\left(CH3COO\right)2Na}=\frac{0,25.158}{214}.100\%=18,46\%\)
\(C\%_{CH3COOH_{dư}}=\frac{0,1.60}{214}.100\%=2,8\%\)
4.
\(m_{Na2CO3}=\frac{42,4.10}{100}=4,24\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Na2CO3}=\frac{4,24}{106}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CO2}=\frac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:2CH_2COOH+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow2CH_3COONa+H_2O+CO_2\)
_______0,04 ___________ 0,02 ____________ 0,04 __________ 0,02
Sau phản ứng Na2CO3 dư.
\(n_{Na2CO3_{dư}}=0,04-0,02=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(CH3COOH\right)}=\frac{2,4.100}{5}.100\%=48\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(Spu\right)}=m_{dd\left(Na2CO3\right)}+m_{dd_{Axit}}-m_{CO2}\)
\(=42,4+48-0,02.44=89,52\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{CH3COOH}=0,04.60=2,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Na2CO3\left(dư\right)}=\frac{0,02.106}{89,52}.100\%=2,37\%\)
\(C\%_{CH3COONa}=\frac{0,04.82}{89,52}.100\%=3,66\%\)
Na2O+ H2O→ 2NaOH
(mol)
\(m_{ddsauph.ứng}=m_{Na_2O}+m_{H_2O}=12,4+150=162,4\left(g\right)\)
→ \(C\%=\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}.100\%=\dfrac{12,4}{162,4}.100\%=7,64\%\)
vậy nồng độ phần trăm dung dịch sau phản ứng gần bằng 7,64%
=> chọn D