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\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,05 0,1 0,05 0,05
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O|\)
1 2 1 1
0,2 0,4 0,2
a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,05.1}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,05.24=1,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{MgO}=9,2-1,2=8\left(g\right)\)
0/0Mg = \(\dfrac{1,2.100}{9,2}=13,04\)0/0
0/0MgO = \(\dfrac{8.100}{9,2}=86,96\)0/0
b) Có : \(m_{MgO}=8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(tổng\right)}=0,1+0,4=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25.100}{14,6}=125\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{MgCl2\left(tổng\right)}=0,05+0,2=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{MgCl2}=0,25.95=23,75\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=9,2+125-\left(0,05.2\right)=134,1\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{MgCl2}=\dfrac{23,75.100}{134,1}=17,71\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,05 0,1 0,05 0,05
PTHH: MgO + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2O
Mol: 0,2 0,4 0,2
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,05.24.100\%}{9,2}=13,04\%;\%m_{MgO}=100-13,04=86,96\%\)
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{9,2-0,05.24}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
b,\(m_{HCl}=\left(0,1+0,4\right).36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25.100}{14,6}=125\left(g\right)\)
c,mdd sau pứ = 9,2+125-0,05.2 = 134,1 (g)
\(C\%_{ddMgCl_2}=\dfrac{\left(0,05+0,2\right).95.100\%}{134,1}=17,71\%\)
PTHH
Mg + 2HCl ----> MgCl2 + H2 (1)
MgO + 2HCl -----> MgCl2 + H2O (2)
a) Theo pt(1) n Mg = n H2 = \(\frac{1,12}{22,4}\) = 0,05 (mol)
==> m Mg = 0,005 . 24=1,2 (g)
%m Mg = \(\frac{1,2}{3,2}\). 100%= 37,5%
%m MgO= 100% - 37,5%= 62,5%
b)m dd sau pư = 3,2 + 246,9 - 0,05 . 2=250 (g)
Theo pt(1)(2) n MgCl2(1) = n Mg = 0,05 mol
n MgCl2 (2) = n MgO=\(\frac{3,2-1,2}{40}\)=0,05(mol)
==> tổng n MgCl2 = 0,1 (mol) ---->m MgCl2 = 9,5 (g)
C%(MgCl2)= \(\frac{9,5}{250}\) .100% = 3,8%
a)
Gọi $n_{Mg} = a ; n_{Al} = b \Rightarrow 24a + 27b = 5,1(1)$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
Ta có :
$n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{5,6}{22,4} = 0,25(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = b = 0,1
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\% =47,06\%$
$\%m_{Al} = 52,94\%$
b)
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,5(mol)$
$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,5.36,5}{10\%} = 182,5(gam)$
c)
$MgCl_2 + 2NaOH \to Mg(OH)_2 + 2NaCl$
$AlCl_3 + 3NaOH \to Al(OH)_3 + 3NaCl$
$Al(OH)_3 + NaOH \to NaAlO_2 + 2H_2O$
$n_{Mg(OH)_2} = a = 0,1(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{kết\ tủa} = 0,1.58 = 5,8(gam)$
Ta có:
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\) ; \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Đặt số mol Mg và Al lần lượt là a và b (a,b>0)
theo bài ra ta có hệ
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\a+1,5b=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\%Mg=\dfrac{0,1\times24}{5,1}=47,06\%\Rightarrow\%Al=100\%-47,06\%=52,94\%\)
Theo PT có \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+3n_{Al}=2\times0,1+3\times0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,5\times36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{10\%}=182,5\left(g\right)\)
\(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\)
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\)
+ Với NaOH vừa đủ
\(a=m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}+m_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=0,1\times58+0,1\times78=13,6\left(g\right)\)
+ Với NaOH dư có thêm PT
\(Al\left(OH\right)_3+NaOH\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)
\(\Rightarrow a=m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\times58=5,8\left(g\right)\)
Fe2O3 + 6HCl → 2FeCl3 + 3H2O (1)
CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O (2)
a) \(m_{CuO}=20\times20\%=4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_2O_3}=20-4=16\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT1: \(n_{HCl}=6n_{Fe_2O_3}=6\times0,1=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT2: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{CuO}=2\times0,05=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,1+0,6=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,7\times36,5=25,55\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{25,55}{5,475\%}=466,67\left(g\right)\)
c) Dung dịch sau phản ứng gồm: CuCl2 và FeCl3
Theo PT1: \(n_{FeCl_3}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=2\times0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{FeCl_3}=0,2\times162,5=32,5\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT2: \(n_{CuCl_2}=n_{CuO}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuCl_2}=0,05\times135=6,75\left(g\right)\)
\(\Sigma m_{dd}=20+466,67=486,67\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{32,5}{486,67}\times100\%=6,68\%\)
\(C\%_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{6,75}{486,67}\times100\%=1,39\%\)
mHCl= 10,95/36,5=0,3(mol)
Vì Cu ko phản ứng vs HCl nên suy ra
Mg+2HCl--->MgCl2+H2
0,15<-- 0,3 --> 0,15.(Mol)
mMg=0,15x24=3,6(g)
%Mg=3,6.100%/10=36%
%Cu=100%-36%=64%
b, mdd=10+300=310 g
mMgCl2=0,15x24=3,6 g
C%MgCl2 =3,6/310x100%≈1,16%