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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Fe + H2SO4 ---> FeSO4 + H2
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(\rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow m_{Fe_3O_4}=7,92-5,6=2,32\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{2,32}{232}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4 ---> FeSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O
0,01 0,04 0,01 0,01
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=0,1+0,04=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=200.20\%=40\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=\dfrac{40}{98}=0,41\left(mol\right)\)
So sánh: 0,41 > 0,14 => H2SO4 có dư
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,41-0,14=0,27\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{FeSO_4}=0,1+0,01=0,11\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
H2SO4 + BaCl2 ---> BaSO4 + 2HCl
0,27 0,27
FeSO4 + BaCl2 ---> FeCl2 + BaSO4
0,11 0,11 0,11
Fe2(SO4)3 + 3BaCl2 ---> 2FeCl3 + 3BaSO4
0,1 0,2 0,3
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{BaSO_4}=\left(0,3+0,27+0,11\right).158,44\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,11.127=13,97\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_3}=0,1.162,5=16,25\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mmuối = 158,44 + 13,97 + 16,25 = 188,66 (g)
nH2SO4=0,4*1=0,4 mol
nH2=6,72/22,4=0,3 mol
2Al + 3H2SO4 -->Al2(So4)3 + 3H2
0,2 0,3 mol
=> mAl = 0,2*27=5,4 g
=> mCu =5,9-5,4=0,5 g
BaCl2 + H2SO4 --> BaSO4 + 2HCl
0,4 0 ,4 mol
=> m BaSO4 = 0,4 * 233=93,2 g
\(a) 2Al+ 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{H_2} = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(mol)\\ n_{Al} = \dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2} = 0,2(mol)\\ m_{Al} = 0,2.27 = 5,4(gam)\\ m_{Cu} = 5,9 - 5,4 = 0,5(gam)\\ b) \)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố với S :
\(n_{BaSO_4} = n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,4(mol)\\ m = 0,4.233 = 93,2(gam)\)
a/ \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{3,08}{22,4}=0,1375\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,68}{22,4}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
2Fe + 6H2SO4(đ) ---to---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 6SO2 + 3H2O
x 3x
Cu + 2H2SO4(đ) ---to---> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
y y
Fe + 2HCl ----> FeCl2 + H2
x x
Cu + 2HCl -----> CuCl2 + H2
y y
Ta có hệ pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+y=0,1375\\x+y=0,075\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,03125\left(mol\right)\\y=0,04375\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{hh}=0,03125.56+0,04375.64=4,55\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,03125.56.100\%}{4,55}=38,46\%\)
b, \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1.1,2=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(T=\dfrac{n_{SO_2}}{n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,1375}{0,12}=1,1458\)
=> tạo ra 2 muối là BaSO3 và Ba(HSO3)2
SO2 + Ba(OH)2 ---> BaSO3 + H2O
x x x
2SO2 + Ba(OH)2 ----> Ba(HSO3)2
y 0,5y 0,5y
Ta có hệ pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,1375\\x+0,5y=0,12\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1025\left(mol\right)\\y=0,035\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{muối}=0,1025.217+0,5.0,035.299=27,475\left(g\right)\)
gọi số mol của Mg là a mol , Zn là b mol
=> 24a + 65b=21,4
nH2=1,1/2=0,55
Mg + H2SO4 --> MgSO4 +H2
a a mol
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 +H2
b b mol
=> a + b = 0,55
=> a=0,35 mol ,b=0,2 mol
=> mMg = 0,35 *24=8,4 g
mZn =0,2 * 65= 13 g
mMgSO4 = 0,35 * 120=42
mZnSO4=0,2*161=32,2
=>m muối = 42 + 32,2=74,2 g
n H2SO4 = 0,35 + 0,2=0,55 mol
=>VH2SO4 = 0,55 *22,4=12,32 => V H2SO4 thực =12,32+ 12,32*10%=14,652 g
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=\dfrac{4.48}{22.4}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CuO}=35.2-0.2\cdot56=24\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{11.2}{35.2}\cdot100\%=31.82\%\)
\(\%CuO=100-31.82=68.18\%\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0.2+0.3=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0.5\cdot98=49\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%H_2SO_4=\dfrac{49}{800}\cdot100\%=6.125\%\)
\(m_{FeSO_4}=0.2\cdot152=30.4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{CuSO_4}=0.3\cdot160=48\left(g\right)\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow56a+24b=2,21\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{4,32}{64}=0,0675\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(3a+2b=0,0675\cdot2=0,135\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,0295\\b=0,02325\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,0295\cdot56}{2,21}\cdot100\%\approx74,75\%\\\%m_{Mg}=25,25\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{59}{4000}\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgSO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,02325\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}+m_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{59}{4000}\cdot400+0,02325\cdot120=8,96\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{12,32}{22,4}=0,55mol\)
\(2Fe+6H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O+3SO_2\uparrow\)
x 3x 0,5x 3x 1,5x
\(2Ag+2H_2SO_4\rightarrow2H_2O+SO_2\uparrow+Ag_2SO_4\)
y y y 0,5y 0,5y
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,5x+0,5y=0,55\\56x+108y=38,4\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot56}{38,4}\cdot100\%=43,75\%\)
\(\%m_{Ag}=100\%-43,75\%=56,25\%\)
b)\(m_{muối}=m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}+m_{Ag_2SO_4}\)
\(\Rightarrow muối=0,5\cdot0,3\cdot400+0,5\cdot0,2\cdot312=91,2g\)
c)Cho hỗn hợp trên tác dụng \(H_2SO_4\) loãng chỉ có Fe tác dụng.
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
0,3 0,3 0,3
\(C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5M\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72l\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2}=0,5\cdot2=1\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4}=0,5\cdot98=49\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{muối}=m_{KL}+m_{H_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=68,2\left(g\right)\)
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