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a)
$AgNO_3 + HCl \to AgCl + HNO_3$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{AgCl} = n_{HCl} = n_{AgNO_3} = \dfrac{340.10\%}{170} =0,2(mol)$
$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,2.36,5}{7,3\%} = 100(gam)$
b)
$m_{AgCl} = 0,2.143,5 = 28,7(gam)$
c)
$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 340 + 100 -28,7 = 411,3(gam)$
$n_{HNO_3} = n_{AgNO_3} = 0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow C\%_{HNO_3} = \dfrac{0,2.63}{411,3}.100\% = 3,06\%$
PTHH: \(NaCl+AgNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+AgCl\downarrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{NaCl}=0,2\cdot0,5=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{AgNO_3}=n_{AgCl}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{AgNO_3}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,4}=0,25\left(M\right)\\m_{AgCl}=0,1\cdot143,5=14,35\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)PTHH: AgNO3 + HCl → AgCl↓ + HNO3
nHCl = 0,2.0,5 = 0,1 mol
=> nAgCl = 0,1 mol = nAgNO3 = 0,1 mol = nHCl phản ứng
<=> mAgCl = 0,1.143,5 = 14,35 gam
mAgNO3 = 0,1.170 = 17 gam
=> mdd AgNO3 = \(\dfrac{17}{6,8\%}\)= 250 gam
b) X + 2HCl --> XCl2 + H2
1,2 gam X tác dụng vừa đủ với 0,1 mol HCl
=> Số mol của 1,2 gam X = 0,05 mol
<=> Mx = \(\dfrac{1,2}{0,05}\)= 24 (g/mol) => X là magie ( Mg )
nCuCl2 = \(\dfrac{270.15\%}{100\%.135}\)= 0,3(mol)
CuCl2 + 2KOH ➝ Cu(OH)2↓ + 2KCl
0,3 ➝ 0,6 ➝ 0,3 ➝ 0,6 (mol)
a, mCu(OH)2 = 0,3.98= 29,4(g)
b, m dd KOH = \(\dfrac{0,6.56.100\%}{20\%}\)= 168(g)
c, mKCl = 0,6.74,5 = 44,7(g)(*)
Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng:
=> mdd KCl= mCuCl2 + m dd KOH - mCu(OH)2
⇔ mdd KCl = 0,3.135+ 168 - 29,4 = 179,1(g)(**)
Từ (*) và (**) ⇒ C%KCl = \(\dfrac{44,7}{179,1}\).100%\(\approx\) 24,96%
PTHH: \(CuCl_2+2KOH\rightarrow2KCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{270\cdot15\%}{135}=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3\cdot98=29,4\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{KOH}=2n_{CuCl_2}=0,6mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,6\cdot57}{20\%}=171\left(g\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(n_{KCl}=n_{KOH}=0,6mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{KCl}=0,6\cdot74,5=44,7\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddCuCl_2}+m_{ddKOH}-m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=411,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{KCl}=\dfrac{44,7}{411,6}\cdot100\%\approx10,86\%\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{8}{160}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 --> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
______0,05------>0,15--------->0,05
=> mH2SO4 = 0,15.98 = 14,7(g)
=> \(C\%\left(H_2SO_4\right)=\dfrac{14,7}{100}.100\%=14,7\%\)
\(C\%\left(Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\right)=\dfrac{0,05.400}{8+100}.100\%=18,52\%\)
PTHH: Fe2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH --> 2Fe(OH)3\(\downarrow\) + 3Na2SO4
________0,05----------------------->0,1
=> mFe(OH)3 = 0,1.107=10,7(g)
a, \(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(FeCl_3+3KOH\rightarrow3KCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_{3\downarrow}\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=6n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=n_{FeCl_3}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,2.107=21,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{KOH}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{KOH}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3\left(M\right)\)
a) PTHH: \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{Na_2O}=2\cdot\dfrac{6,2}{62}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
b) PTHH: \(2NaOH+CuSO_4\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+Na_2SO_4\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuSO_4}=0,2\cdot2,5=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,5}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) CuSO4 còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Na_2SO_4}\\n_{CuSO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\cdot98=9,8\left(g\right)\\C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,4+0,2}\approx0,17\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{CuSO_4\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,6}\approx0,67\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{200.16\%}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+Na_2SO_4\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
\(m_{NaOH}=0,4.40=16\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{16.100}{10}=160\left(g\right)\)
\(c,m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,2.142=28,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddNa_2SO_4}=200+160-\left(0,2.98\right)=340,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{28,4}{240,4}.100\%\approx8,34\%\)
\(d,PTHH:\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
0,2 0,2
\(m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\)
a, \(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\)
b, \(m_{CuSO_4}=200.16\%=32\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{32}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=2n_{CuSO_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,4.40}{10\%}=160\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{CuSO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.142}{200+160-0,2.98}.100\%\approx8,34\%\)
d, \(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
\(n_{CuO}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\)
nAgNO3= (100.17%)/170=0,1(mol)
nHCl= (300.3,65%)/36,5=0,3(mol)
a) PTHH: AgNO3 + HCl -> AgCl + HNO3
Ta có: 0,1/1 < 0,3/1
=> AgNO3 hết, HCl dư, tính theo nAgNO3
Ta có: nAgCl= nHNO3= nHCl(p.ứ)= nAgNO3= 0,1(mol)
=>m(kt)=mAgCl= 143,5.0,1= 14,35(g)
b) mHCl(dư)= (0,3- 0,1).36,5=7,3(g)
mHNO3= 63.0,1= 6,3(g)
mddsau= mddAgNO3 + mddHCl - mAgCl= 100+300- 14,35= 385,65(g)
=>C%ddHCl(dư)= (7,3/385,65).100= 1,893%
C%ddHNO3= (6,3/385,65).100=1,634%