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\(n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{12,6}{84}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)
0,15 0,15
\(V_{CO_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
--> A
Chất rắn không tan là Al
$2Na + 2H_2O \to 2NaOH + H_2$
$2Al + 2NaOH + 2H_2O \to 2NaAlO_2 + 3H_2$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2} =0,5n_{Na} + 1,5n_{NaOH} = 0,5n_{Na} + 1,5n_{Na} = 2n_{Na} = 0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow n_{Na} = 0,1(mol)$
$2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$
$n_{Al} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{H_2} = 0,1(mol)$
Suy ra:
$n_{Al\ đã\ dùng} = 0,1 + 0,1 = 0,2(mol)$
Suy ra:
$m_{hh} = 0,2.27 + 0,1.23 = 7,7(gam)$
\(n_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(2R+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow R_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2|\)
2 3 1 3
0,2 0,3
\(n_R=\dfrac{0,3.2}{3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(M_R=\dfrac{5,4}{0,2}=27\left(dvc\right)\)
Vậy kim loại R là nhôm
b) \(2Al+6H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nóng\right)}\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2+6H_2O|\)
2 6 1 3 6
0,2 0,3
\(n_{SO2}=\dfrac{0,3.3}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{SO2\left(dktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
a) PTHH: \(2R+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow R_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_R=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M_R=\dfrac{5,4}{0,2}=27\) \(\Rightarrow\) R là Nhôm (Al)
b) PTHH: \(2Al+6H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2\uparrow+6H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
Đặt x,y, z lần lượt là số mol của Na,Al,Mg trong m gam hỗn hợp A
m gam A + H2O dư
\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
x--------------------x--------->0,5x
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
x<------x-------------------------------------->1,5x
=> \(0,5x+1,5x=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) (1)
2m gam A + NaOH
\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
2x------------------------------->x
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
2y---------------------------------------------->3y
=> \(x+3y=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\) (2)
3m gam A + HCl
\(Na+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
3x--------------------------->1,5x
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
3y----------------------------->4,5y
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
3z----------------------------->3z
=> \(1,5x+4,5y+3z=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)\) (3)
Từ (1), (2), (3) =>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=\dfrac{7}{60}\\z=\dfrac{2}{15}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(m_{Na}=0,05.23=1,15\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=\dfrac{7}{60}.27=3,15\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=\dfrac{2}{15}.24=3,2\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m=1,15+3,15+3,2=7,5\left(g\right)\)
=> \(\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{1,15}{7,5}.100=15,33\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{3,15}{7,5}.100=42\%\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,2}{7,5}.100=42,67\%\)
\(2Na+2H2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H2\left(1\right)\)
\(2Al+2NaOH+2H2O\rightarrow2NaAlO2+3H2\left(2\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl3+3H2\left(3\right)\)
\(2Na+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H2\left(4\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl2+H2\left(5\right)\)
\(n_{H2\left(1\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{Na}=0,2\left(mol\right)\rightarrow m_{Na}=4,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2\left(2\right)}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{4}{15}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al}=7,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H2\left(3\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H2\left(4\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H2\left(5\right)}=1-0,4-0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=12\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m=12+4,6+7,2=23,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{4,6}{23,8}.100\%=19,33\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{7,2}{23,8}.100\%=30,25\%\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=100-19,33-30,25=50,42\%\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
$Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2$
$n_{H_2} = n_{Zn} = \dfrac{26}{65} = 0,4(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,4.22,4 = 8,96(lít)$
Đáp án A