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1) Ptpư:
2Al + 6HCl \(\rightarrow\) 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Fe + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) FeCl2 + H2
Cu + HCl \(\rightarrow\) không phản ứng
=> 0,6 gam chất rắn còn lại chính là Cu:
Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol Al, Fe
Ta có:
3x + 2y = 2.0,06 = 0,12
27x + 56 y = 2,25 – 0,6 = 1,65
=> x = 0,03 (mol) ; y = 0,015 (mol)
=> \(\%Cu=\frac{0,6}{2,25}.100\%=26,67\%\); \(\%Fe=\frac{56.0,015}{2,25}.100\%=37,33\%\); %Al = 36%
2) \(n_{SO_2}=\frac{1,344}{22,4}=0,06mol\); m (dd KOH) = 13,95.1,147 = 16 (gam)
=> mKOH = 0,28.16 = 4,48 (gam)=> nKOH = 0,08 (mol)=> \(1<\)\(\frac{n_{KOH}}{n_{SO_2}}<2\)
=> tạo ra hỗn hợp 2 muối: KHSO3: 0,04 (mol) và K2SO3: 0,02 (mol)
Khối lượng dung dịch sau pu = 16 + 0,06.64 = 19,84 gam
=> \(C\%\left(KHSO_3\right)=\frac{0,04.120}{19,84}.100\%\)\(=24,19\%\)
\(C\%\left(K_2SO_3\right)=\frac{0,02.158}{19,84}.100\%\)\(=15,93\%\)
a) \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,05<-----------0,05---->0,075
=> \(\%Al=\dfrac{0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=9,54\%\)
=> \(\%Cu=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=90,46\%\)
b) \(V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,05->0,0375
2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
0,2-->0,1
=> \(V_{O_2}=\left(0,1+0,0375\right).22,4=3,08\left(l\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ m_{AlCl_3}=6,675\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_A=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right);m_{Cu}=14,15-1,35=12,8\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{14,15}.100\approx90,459\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx9,541\%\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ 2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}.n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,05+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,0875\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0875.22,4=1,96\left(l\right)\)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
mCu = mY = 9,6 (g)
Gọi số mol Al, Mg là a, b
=> 27a + 24b = 14,7 - 9,6 = 5,1 (g)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a-->3a-------->a------>1,5a
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b--->2b------->b----->b
=> 1,5a + b = 0,25
=> a = 0,1; b = 0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=9,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) nHCl(PTHH) = 3a + 2b = 0,5 (mol)
=> nHCl(thực tế) = \(\dfrac{0,5.120}{100}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3M\)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(AlCl_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\\C_{M\left(MgCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\\C_{M\left(HCldư\right)}=\dfrac{0,6-0,5}{0,2}=0,5M\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{9,6}{64}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Cu+Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuCl_2\)
0,15-->0,15
=> \(V_{Cl_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,6}{2}>\dfrac{0,25}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=t\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=r\left(mol\right)\\ \left(t,r>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27t+56r=8,3\\1,5t+r=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t=0,1\\r=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right);m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\ n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddFeCl_2}=127.0,1=12,7\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=300.1,15=345\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=8,3+345-0,25.2=352,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6-0,25.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3,65}{352,8}.100\approx1,035\%\\ C\%_{ddAlCl_3}=\dfrac{13,35}{352,8}.100\approx3,784\%\\ C\%_{ddFeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{352,8}.100\approx3,6\%\)
Bài 6 : Chất rắn không tan là Cu
$m_{Cu} = 6,4(gam)$
Gọi $n_{Al} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 27a + 24b + 6,4 = 14,2(1)$
$2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 +3 H_2$
$Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$n_{H_2} = 1,5a + b = 0,4(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1
$\%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,2.27}{14,2}.100\% = 38,03\%$
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,1.24}{14,2}.100\% =16,9\%$
$\%m_{Cu} = 100\% -38,03\% - 16,9\% = 45,07\%$
Bài 7 :
Gọi $n_{CuO} = a(mol) ; n_{ZnO} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 80a + 81b = 12,1(1)$
$CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O$
$ZnO + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2O$
$n_{HCl} = 2a + 2b = 0,1.3 = 0,3(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a= 0,05 ; b = 0,1
$\%m_{CuO} = \dfrac{0,05.80}{12,1}.100\% = 33,06\%$
$\%m_{ZnO} = 100\% - 33,06\% = 66,94\%$
a) Chất rắn k tan là Cu có m=19,2(g)
--> m Al+m Mg=29,4-19,2=10,2(g)
PTHH: 2Al+6HCl--->2AlCl3+3H2
--------x-------------------------1,5x
Mg+2HCl---->MgCl2+H2
y--------------------------y(mol)
n H2=11,2/22,4=0,5(mol)
Theo bài ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=10,2\\1,5x+y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
%m Cu=\(\frac{19,2}{29,4}.100\%=65,3\%\)
%m Al=\(\frac{0,2.27}{29,4}.100\%=18,37\%\)
%m Mg=100-65,3-18,37=16,33%
b) m HCl=\(\frac{600.7,3}{100}=43,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\frac{43,8}{36,5}=1,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H2}=\frac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H2}=0,6.2=1,2\left(g\right)\)
m dd sau pư = m KL+ m dd HCl - m H2
=10,2+600-1,2=609(g)
\(m_{AlCl3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{AlCl3}=\frac{26,7}{609}.100\%=4,28\%\)
\(m_{MgCl2}=0,2.95=19\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{MgCl2}=\frac{19}{609}.100\%=2,1\%\)
c) AlCl3+3AgNO3--->3AgCl+Al(NO3)3
0,2----------------------0,6(mol)
MgCl2+2AgNO3---->Mg(NO3)2+2AgCl
0,2-----------------------------------------0,4
Tổng n AgCl=0,6+0,4=1(mol)
m AgCl=1.143,5=143,5(g)