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\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=\dfrac{40.9}{100}=3,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=9-3,6=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
0,15 ------------------------> 0,15
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 ---------------------------> 0,3
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=\left(0,15+0,3\right).22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{6,48}{18}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
Theo pthh: \(n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2O}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{oxit}=15,12+16.0,36=20,88\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{15,12}{56}=0,27\left(mol\right)\)
CTHH: FexOy
=> x : y = 0,27 : 0,36 = 3 : 4
=> CTHH: Fe3O4 (oxit sắt từ)
mMg = 40%x9 = 3,6(g) =>nMg=3,6:24 = 0,15 (mol)
=> mAl = 9-3,6 = 5,4(g) => nAl = 5,4:27 = 0,2 (mol)
pthh : 2Al+6HCl -> 2AlCl3+3H2
0,2 0,3
Mg+2HCl -> MgCl2 +H2
0,15 0,15
=> nH2 = 0,15 + 0,3 = 0,45 (mol)
=> VH2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 (L)
mH2 = 0,45 . 2 = 0,9 (mol)
áp dụng BLBTKL ta có :
mH2 + moxit sắt = mFe + mH2O
=> moxit sắt = 20,7 (g)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x+y=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\left(1\right)\)
Mà: dY/H2 = 6,25
\(\Rightarrow2x+44y=6,25.2.0,4\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2}\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{CO_2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m=m_{Al}+m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,2.27+0,1.106=16\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
Theo các pthh trên: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2}=0,2.2=0,4\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng ĐLBTKL:
mKim loại + mHCl = mmuối khan + mH2
=> mMuối khan = 12 + 14,6 - 0,4 = 26,2 (g)
pthh fe + 2hcl -> fecl2 + h2
2al2 + 6hcl -> 2l2cl3 + 3h2
zn + 2hcl -> zncl2 + h2
Ta có hệ
\(\begin{cases} n_{NO_2} + n_{NO}=\dfrac{3,136}{22,4}=0,14 \\ 46.n_{NO_2} + 30n_{NO}=2.20,143.0,14=5,64 \end{cases}\Leftrightarrow \begin{cases}x=0,09 \\y=0,05 \end{cases}\)
Đặt \(n_{FeO}=n_{CuO}=n_{Fe_3O_4}=z\)
Áp dụng bảo toàn e:\( z+z=0,09+0,05.3 \Leftrightarrow z=0,12\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0,12(72+80+232)=46,08 \)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
mmuối = mkim loại + mSO4 = 12 + 0,2.96 = 31,2 (g)
\(a.2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\\ b.n_{Al}=a,n_{Mg}=b\\ 27a+24b=7,5\left(I\right)\\ 1,5a+b=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(II\right)\\ a=0,1;b=0,2\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27\cdot0,1}{7,5}\cdot100\%=36\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=64\%\\ c.m_{HCl}=36,5\left(0,1\cdot3+0,2\cdot2\right)=18,25g\\ d.m_{ddsau}=7,5+\dfrac{18,25}{14,6:100}-0,35\cdot2=131,8g\\ C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{133,5\cdot0,1}{131,8}\cdot100\%=10,1\%\\ C\%\left(MgCl_2\right)=\dfrac{95\cdot0,2}{131,8}\cdot100\%=14,4\%\)
\(n_{NO}=a;n_{N_2O}=b\\ BTe:\dfrac{3m}{27}=3a+b\\ a+b=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04mol\\ 30a+44b=0,04.20,25.2=1,62\\ \Rightarrow a=0,01;b=0,03\\ m=0,54\)