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\(n_{SO_3}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=200\cdot10\%=20\left(g\right)\)
\(SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\)
\(0.4.....................0.4\)
\(m_{dd}=32+200=232\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%H_2SO_4=\dfrac{0.4\cdot98+20}{232}\cdot100\%=25.57\%\)
`C1:`
`2NaOH+H_2 SO_4 ->Na_2 SO_4 +2H_2 O`
`n_[H_2 SO_4]=0,2.1=0,2(mol)`
`n_[NaOH]=[200.10]/[100.40]=0,5(mol)`
Ta có: `[0,2]/1 < [0,5]/2=>NaOH` dư, `H_2 SO_4` hết.
`=>` Quỳ tím chuyển xanh.
`C2:`
`SO_3 +H_2 O->H_2 SO_4`
`0,2` `0,2` `(mol)`
`n_[SO_3]=16/80=0,2(mol)`
`C_[M_[H_2 SO_4]]=[0,2]/[0,25]=0,8(M)`
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
0,3 0,3 0,3
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3.98}{150}.100\%=19,6\%\)
\(pthh:Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
0,3 0,2
\(m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)
\(SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\)
\(n_{SO_3}=\dfrac{12}{80}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{SO_3}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,15.98}{12+100}.100\%=13,125\%\)
\(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{8,1}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6\%.200}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\a, ZnO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2O\\ b,Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\\ \Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(p.ứ\right)}=n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{ZnO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=98.0,3=29,4\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{ZnSO_4}=0,1.161=16,1\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{ZnO}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}=8,1+200=208,1\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{29,4}{208,1}.100\approx14,128\%\\ C\%_{ddZnSO_4}=\dfrac{16,1}{208,1}.100\approx7,737\%\)
ZnO+H2SO4->ZnSO4+H2O
0,1-----0,1-------0,1-------0,1 mol
n ZnO=\(\dfrac{8,1}{81}\)=0,1 mol
m H2SO4 =39,2g =>n H2SO4=\(\dfrac{39,2}{98}\)=0,4 mol
=>H2SO4 , dư 0,3 mol
=>m H2SO4=0,3.98=29,4g
=>C%H2SO4 dư=\(\dfrac{29,4}{200+0,1.18}\).100=14,568%
=>C% ZnSO4=\(\dfrac{0,1.161}{200+0,1.18}.100=7,9781\%\)
a) \(n_{SO_3}=\dfrac{3,2}{80}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: SO3 + H2O --> H2SO4
0,04------------->0,04
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,04.98=3,92\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{0,69}{23}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2
0,03------------>0,03
2NaOH + H2SO4 --> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,03}{2}< \dfrac{0,04}{1}\)=> NaOH hết, H2SO4 dư
2NaOH + H2SO4 --> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,03------>0,015---->0,015
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,025\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,015.142=2,13\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4}=0,025.98=2,45\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{2,07}{23}=0,09\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2
0,09-------------->0,09
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,09}{2}>\dfrac{0,04}{1}\) => NaOH dư, H2SO4 hết
2NaOH + H2SO4 --> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,08<-----0,04------>0,04
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=0,01\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=0,01.40=0,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,04.142=5,68\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{SO_3}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{SO_3}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\cdot98=39,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\text{ trong dd 10%}}=\dfrac{200\cdot10}{100}=20\left(g\right)\)
\(\sum m_{H_2SO_4}=20+39,2=59,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{\text{ dd H2SO4 10%}}=200+39,2=239,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{\text{ dd mới}}=\dfrac{59,2}{239,2}\cdot100\%\approx24,75\%\)
Hiện tượng: SO3 được đưa vào dd H2SO4, SO3 tác dụng với H2O trong dd tạo ra sản phẩm là H2SO4.
\(1.SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\\ 2.m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.19,6\%}{100\%}=39,2g\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4mol\\ n_{SO_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4mol\\ m=m_{SO_2}=0,4.64=25,6g\)