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\(n_{CuSO_4}=2.0,34=0,68(mol)\\ a,CuSO_4+2NaOH\to Na_2SO_4+Cu(OH)_2\downarrow\\ Cu(OH)_2\xrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Cu(OH)_2}=0,68(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu(OH)_2}=0,68.98=66,64(g)\\ b,n_{CuO}=0,68(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,68.80=54,4(g)\\ c,V_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{200}{1,25}=160(ml)\\ n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{200.32\%}{100\%.40}=1,6(mol)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{CuSO_4}}{1}<\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{2}\) nên \(NaOH\) dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH(dư)}=1,6-0,68.2=0,24(mol); n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,68(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} C_{M_{NaOH(dư)}}=\dfrac{0,24}{0,16}=1,5M\\ C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,68}{0,16}=4,25M \end{cases}\)
\(a,2NaOH+MgSO_4\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\\ n_{NaOH}=0,5.1=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ b,n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(mol\right)=n_{Na_2SO_4}\\ m_{kt}=m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=58.0,25=14,5\left(g\right)\\ c,V_{ddX}=V_{ddNaOH}+V_{ddMgSO_4}=0,5+0,5=1\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddNa_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25}{1}=0,25\left(M\right)\)
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuSO_4}=0,3.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{BaCl_2}=0,1.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(CuSO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+CuCl_2\)
Ban đầu: 0,3 0,2
Sau pư: 0,1 0 0,2 0,2
=> \(m_{kt}=m_{BaSO_4}=0,2.233=46,6\left(g\right)\)
b) \(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+Na_2SO_4\)
0,1-------->0,2
\(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\)
0,2------>0,4
=> \(m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{\left(0,2+0,4\right).40}{15\%}=160\left(g\right)\)
\(a.n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03mol\\ CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+H_2O\)
\(n_{CO_2}=n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,03mol\\ m_{CaCO_3}=0,03.100=3g\\ b.V_{ddCa\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,03}{1,5}=0,02l\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_3PO_4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ Vì:\dfrac{n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}{n_{H_3PO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,3}=1\\ \Rightarrow Tạo.1.muối:CaHPO_4\\ Ca\left(OH\right)_2+H_3PO_4\rightarrow CaHPO_4+2H_2O\\ m_{\downarrow}=0\\ n_{CaHPO_4}=n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ C_{MddCaHPO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,3+0,3}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{AlCl_3}=0.2\cdot1=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0.5V\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{5.1}{102}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\(0.1...............0.05\)
TH1 : Al(OH)3 không bị hòa tan.
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(0.1...........0.3................0.1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow V=\dfrac{0.3}{0.5}=0.6\left(l\right)\)
TH2 : Al(OH)3 bị hòa tan một phần
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(0.2...........0.6................0.2\)
\(NaOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)
\(0.5V-0.6...0.5V-0.6\)
\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=0.2+0.5V-0.6=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V=1\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{150\cdot12.7\%}{127}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{350\cdot4\%}{40}=0.35\left(mol\right)\)
\(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
\(0.15...........0.3................0.15............0.3\)
\(m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0.15\cdot90=13.5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=150+350-13.5=486.5\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0.3\cdot58.5}{486.5}\cdot100\%=3.61\%\)
\(C\%_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(0.35-0.3\right)\cdot40}{486.5}\cdot100\%=0.4\%\)
\(Fe\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}FeO+H_2O\)
\(0.15..........0.15\)
\(m_{FeO}=0.15\cdot72=10.8\left(g\right)\)
\(4Fe\left(OH\right)_2+O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2Fe_2O_3+4H_2O\)
\(0.15.........................0.075\)
\(m_{Fe_2O_3}=0.075\cdot160=12\left(g\right)\)
a) PTHH: \(Mg+CuSO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+Cu\)
a_______a________a_____a (mol)
\(Fe+CuSO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+Cu\)
b_______b_______b_____b (mol)
\(MgSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+Na_2SO_4\)
\(FeSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+Na_2SO_4\)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)
\(4Fe\left(OH\right)_2+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Fe_2O_3+4H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{CuSO_4}=0,3\cdot1=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_{Cu}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=24,8-0,3\cdot64=5,6\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Fe\left(p/ứ\right)}+m_{Mg}=16-5,6=10,4\left(g\right)\)
Ta lập hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=10,4\\a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot24}{16}\cdot100\%=30\%\\\%m_{Fe}=70\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe\left(p/ứ\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{rắn}=m_{MgO}+m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,2\cdot40+0,05\cdot160=11\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{150.16,64\%}{137+35.2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.14,7\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Phương trình hóa học :
BaCl2 + H2SO4 -----> BaSO4 + 2HCl
Dễ thấy \(\dfrac{n_{BaCl_2}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4\text{ dư }0,15-0,12=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
c) Khối lượng kết tủa :
\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,12.233=27,96\) (g)
Khối lượng chất tan : \(m_{HCl}=0,24.36,5=8,76\left(g\right)\) ;
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(\text{dư}\right)}=0,03.98=2,94\left(g\right)\)
c) \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}\)= \(\dfrac{2,94}{150+100}.100\%=1,176\%\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{8,76}{150+100}.100\%=3.504\%\)
d) NaOH + HCl ---> NaCl + H2O
0,24 <-- 0,24
mol mol
2NaOH + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,06 mol <-- 0,03 mol
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,24+0,06=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{NaOH}=0,3.2=0,6\left(l\right)\)
Có lẽ đề cho dd HCl 1M bạn nhỉ?
a, Ta có: \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{4}{40}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,3.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{MgO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ mHCl (dư) = 0,1.36,5 = 3,65 (g)
Pư không tạo H2 bạn nhé.
b, \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
\(2NaOH+MgCl_2\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{MgO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1.58=5,8\left(g\right)\)
Drui dd hcl 1M í do mik sao chép nên nó v á