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$a\big)2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2$
$b\big)$
$n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2(mol)$
Theo PT: $n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,3(mol)$
$\to V_{H_2(đktc)}=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)$
$c\big)$
Theo PT: $n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2(mol)$
$\to m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7(g)$
a) \(n_{Al} = \dfrac{5,4}{27} = 0,2(mol)\)
\(2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\)
Theo PTHH : \(n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,3(mol)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(lít)\)
b)
Gọi \(C\%_{HCl}= a\%\)
Theo PTHH :
\(n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,6(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,6.36,5}{a\%} = \dfrac{2190}{a}(gam)\)
Sau phản ứng,
\(m_{dd} = m_{Al} + m_{dd\ HCl} - m_{H_2}\\ = 5,4 + \dfrac{2190}{a} - 0,3.2= 4,8 + \dfrac{2190}{a}(gam)\)
\(a) Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = n_{Zn} = \dfrac{39}{65} =0,6(mol)\\ V_{H_2} = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44(lít)\\ b) n_{Fe_2O_3} = \dfrac{128}{160} = 0,8(mol)\\ Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe + 3H_2O\\ \dfrac{n_{Fe_2O_3}}{1} = 0,8 < \dfrac{n_{H_2}}{3} = 0,2 \to Fe_2O_3\ dư\\ n_{Fe} = \dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2} = 0,4(mol) \Rightarrow m_{Fe} = 0,4.56 = 22,4(gam)\)
`a)PTHH:`
`2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2`
`0,2` `0,6` `0,3` `(mol)`
`n_[Al]=[5,4]/27=0,2(mol)`
`b)V_[H_2]=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)`
`c)m_[dd HCl]=[0,6.36,5]/10 . 100 =219(g)`
a) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
0,1-->0,2------>0,1-->0,1
=> VH2 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)
mZnCl2 = 0,1.136 = 13,6 (g)
b) \(C\%_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{200}.100\%=3,65\%\)
c) \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2H2 + O2 --to--> 2H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\) => H2 hết, O2 dư
PTHH: 2H2 + O2 --to--> 2H2O
0,1--------------->0,1
=> mH2O = 0,1.18 = 1,8 (g)
a. \(PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{m_{Mg}}{M_{Mg}}=\dfrac{12}{24}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
- Mol theo PTHH : \(1:2:1:1\)
- Mol theo phản ứng : \(0,5\rightarrow1\rightarrow0,5\rightarrow0,5\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=n_{H_2}.22,4=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)
b. Từ a. \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=n_{HCl}.M_{HCl}=1.\left(1+35,5\right)=36,5\left(g\right)\)
c. \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V_{O_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\)
- Mol theo PTHH : \(2:1:2\)
- Mol theo phản ứng : \(0,6\leftarrow0,3\rightarrow0,6\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=n_{H_2O}.M_{H_2O}=0,6.\left(2+16\right)=10,8\left(g\right)\)
Giải thích các bước giải:
a) Mg +H2SO4--->MGSO4+H2
n Mg =6/24=0,25(mol)
n H2=n Mg =0,25(mol)
V H2=0,25.22,4=5,6(l)
b) 3H2+FE2O3-->2Fe+3H2O
n Fe2O3=32/160=0,2(mol)
->Fe2O3 dư
n Fe =2/3n H2=1/6(mol)
m Fe =1/6.56=28/3(g)
\(a,n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(\text{đ}ktc\right)}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{32}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ 3H_2+Fe_2O_3\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Fe+3H_2O\\ n_{Fe}=2.n_{Fe_2O_3}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Fe}=0,4.56=22,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(0.2....................................0.3\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(l\right)\)
nAl=5,4/27=0,2(mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 +3 H2
Ta có: nH2=3/2. 0,2=0,3(mol)
=>V(H2,đktc)=0,3 x 22,4=6,72(l)