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Bài 13:
1: \(A=-x^2+4x+3\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x-3\right)=-\left(x^2-4x+4-7\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2+7\le7\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=2
2: \(B=-\left(x^2-6x+11\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-3\right)^2-2\le-2\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3
Bài 12:
1) A = x2 - 6x + 11
= (x2 - 6x + 9) + 2
= (x - 3)2 + 2
Ta có: (x - 3)2 ≥ 0 ∀ x
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x - 3 = 0 ⇔ x = 3
Do đó: (x - 3)2 + 2 ≥ 2
Hay A ≥ 2
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 3
Vậy Min A = 2 tại x = 3
2) B = x2 - 20x + 101
= (x2 - 20x + 100) + 1
= (x - 10)2 + 1
Ta có: (x - 10)2 ≥ 0 ∀ x
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x - 10 = 0 ⇔ x = 10
Do đó: (x - 10)2 + 1 ≥ 1
Hay B ≥ 1
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 10
Vậy Min B = 1 tại x = 10
a: \(n^3-2⋮n-2\)
=>\(n^3-8+6⋮n-2\)
=>\(6⋮n-2\)
=>\(n-2\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;3;-3;6;-6\right\}\)
=>\(n\in\left\{3;1;4;0;5;-1;8;-4\right\}\)
b: \(n^3-3n^2-3n-1⋮n^2+n+1\)
=>\(n^3+n^2+n-4n^2-4n-4+3⋮n^2+n+1\)
=>\(3⋮n^2+n+1\)
=>\(n^2+n+1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)
mà \(n^2+n+1=\left(n+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}>=\dfrac{3}{4}\forall n\)
nên \(n^2+n+1\in\left\{1;3\right\}\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}n^2+n+1=1\\n^2+n+1=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}n^2+n=0\\n^2+n-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}n\left(n+1\right)=0\\\left(n+2\right)\left(n-1\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow n\in\left\{0;-1;-2;1\right\}\)
\(x^3-9x^2+26x-24\)
\(=x^3-4x^2-5x^2+20x+6x-24\)
\(=\left(x-4\right)\left(x^2-5x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x-4\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\)
b: \(\Leftrightarrow3n^3+n^2+9n^2+3n-3n-1-4⋮3n+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3n+1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n\in\left\{0;-1;1\right\}\)
1.
a/ \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+3x+2\right)+\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-3x+2\right)-12=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+2\right)+3x\left(x+1\right)-3x\left(x-1\right)+\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+2\right)-12=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x^2+2\right)+6x^2-12=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+3x^2+2x-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+4x+6\right)=0\Rightarrow x=1\)
b/ Nhận thấy \(x=0\) ko phải nghiệm, chia 2 vế cho \(x^2\)
\(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}+3\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)+4=0\)
Đặt \(x+\frac{1}{x}=t\Rightarrow x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}=t^2-2\)
\(t^2-2+3t+4=0\Rightarrow t^2+3t+2=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-1\\t=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\frac{1}{x}=-1\\x+\frac{1}{x}=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+x+1=0\left(vn\right)\\x^2+2x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x=-1\)
1c/
\(\Leftrightarrow x^5+x^4-2x^4-2x^3+5x^3+5x^2-2x^2-2x+x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4\left(x+1\right)-2x^3\left(x+1\right)+5x^2\left(x+1\right)-2x\left(x+1\right)+x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^4-2x^3+5x^2-2x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x^4-2x^3+5x^2-2x+1=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x^4-2x^3+x^2+x^2-2x+1+3x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+3x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x=0\\x-1=0\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) không tồn tại x thỏa mãn
Vậy pt có nghiệm duy nhất \(x=-1\)
\(x^2-x-6=x^2-3x+2x-6=x\left(x-3\right)+2\left(x-3\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
\(x^4+x^2+1=x^4+2x^2+1-x^2=\left(x^2+1\right)-x^2=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)\(x^3-19x-30=\left(x^3+8\right)-\left(19x-38\right)=\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)-19\left(x+2\right)=\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x-15\right)=\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-5x+3x-15\right)=\left(x+2\right)\left(x-5\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
\(x^4+4x^2-5=x^4+4x^2+4-9=\left(x^2+2\right)^2-9=\left(x^2+5\right)\left(x^2-1\right)=\left(x^2+5\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
\(x^3-7x-6=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3+1\right)-\left(7x+7\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)-7\left(x+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x-6\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-3x+2x-6\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+2=0\\x-3=0\\x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\x=3\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(x^3-3x^2-16x+48=x^2\left(x-3\right)-16\left(x-3\right)=\left(x^2-16\right)\left(x-3\right)=\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-4=0\\x-3=0\\x+4=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=3\\x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)