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a) \(\lim\limits3=3\) vì \(3\) là hằng số.
Áp dụng giới hạn cơ bản với \(k=2\), ta có:\(\lim\limits\dfrac{1}{n^2}=0\).
b) \(\lim\limits\left(3+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)=\lim\limits3+\lim\limits\dfrac{1}{n^2}=3\).
Bài 1:
\(a=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^4-x^3+x^2-x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\frac{x^4-x^3+x^2-x+1}{x^2-x+1}=\frac{5}{3}\)
\(b=\frac{1-5+1}{0}=\frac{-3}{0}=-\infty\)
\(c=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x\left(1+2x\right)\left(1+3x\right)+2x\left(1+3x\right)+3x}{x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\left[\left(1+2x\right)\left(1+3x\right)+2\left(1+3x\right)+3\right]=1+2+3=6\)
\(d=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{5\left(1+x\right)^4-1}{5x^4+2x}=\frac{4}{0}=+\infty\)
Bài 2:
\(a=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x^m-1}{x^n-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{mx^{m-1}}{nx^{n-1}}=\frac{m}{n}\)
\(b=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow a}\frac{x-a}{x^n-a^n}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow a}\frac{1}{nx^{n-1}}=\frac{1}{n.a^{n-1}}\)
\(c=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{x+x^2+...+x^n-n}{x-1}=\frac{-n}{-1}=n\)
\(\left(1+x\right)\left(1+2x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)=x\left(1+2x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)+\left(1+2x\right)\left(1+3x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)\)
\(=x\left(1+2x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)+2x\left(1+3x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)+\left(1+3x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)\)
\(=...\)
\(=x\left(1+2x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)+2x\left(1+3x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)+...+nx+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\left(1+2x\right)\left(1+3x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)-1}{x}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{x\left(1+2x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)+2x\left(1+3x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)+...+nx}{x}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\left[\left(1+2x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)+2\left(1+3x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)+...+n\right]\)
\(=1+2+3+...+n=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\)
a/ \(=lim\frac{\left(-\frac{2}{3}\right)^n+1}{-2.\left(-\frac{2}{3}\right)^n+3}=\frac{1}{3}\)
b/ \(=lim\frac{\left(2-\frac{1}{n}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)\left(3+\frac{4}{n}\right)}{\left(\frac{5}{n}-6\right)^3}=\frac{2.1.3}{\left(-6\right)^3}=-\frac{1}{36}\)
c/ \(=lim\frac{5n+3}{\sqrt{n^2+5n+1}+\sqrt{n^2-2}}=\frac{5+\frac{3}{n}}{\sqrt{1+\frac{5}{n}+\frac{1}{n^2}}+\sqrt{1-\frac{2}{n}}}=\frac{5}{1+1}=\frac{5}{2}\)
d/ \(=lim\frac{5.\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^n-6}{4.\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^n+1}=\frac{-6}{1}=-6\)
e/ \(=-n^3\left(2+\frac{3}{n}-\frac{5}{n^2}+\frac{2020}{n^3}\right)=-\infty.2=-\infty\)
Bài 1:
a. \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\frac{x^5+1}{x^3+1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\frac{5x^4}{3x^2}=\frac{5}{3}\)
b. \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{4x^6-5x^5+x}{\left(x-1\right)^2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{24x^5-25x^4+1}{2\left(x-1\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{120x^4-100x^3}{2}=\frac{120-100}{2}=10\)
c. \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\left(1+2x\right)\left(1+3x\right)x}{x}+\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\left(1+3x\right)2x}{x}+\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{3x+1-1}{x}=1+2+3=6\)
d. \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\left(1+x\right)^5-\left(1+5x\right)}{x^5+x^2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{5\left(1+x\right)^4-5}{5x^4+2x}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{20\left(1+x\right)^3}{20x^3+2}=\frac{20}{2}=10\)
Bài 2:
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x^m-1}{x^n-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{mx^{m-1}}{nx^{n-1}}=\frac{m}{n}\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow a}\frac{x-a}{x^n-a^n}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow a}\frac{1}{nx^{n-1}}=\frac{1}{n.a^{n-1}}\)
a/ \(=lim\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{\infty}=0\)
b/ \(=lim\frac{6n+1}{\sqrt{n^2+5n+1}+\sqrt{n^2-n}}=\frac{6+\frac{1}{n}}{\sqrt{1+\frac{5}{n}+\frac{1}{n^2}}+\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{n}}}=\frac{6}{1+1}=3\)
c/ \(=lim\frac{6n-9}{\sqrt{3n^2+2n-1}+\sqrt{3n^2-4n+8}}=lim\frac{6-\frac{9}{n}}{\sqrt{3+\frac{2}{n}-\frac{1}{n^2}}+\sqrt{3-\frac{4}{n}+\frac{8}{n^2}}}=\frac{6}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{3}\)
d/ \(=lim\frac{\left(\frac{2}{6}\right)^n+1-4\left(\frac{4}{6}\right)^n}{\left(\frac{3}{6}\right)^n+6}=\frac{1}{6}\)
e/ \(=lim\frac{\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)^n-\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)^n+1}{\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)^n+\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)^n-1}=\frac{1}{-1}=-1\)
f/ Ta có công thức:
\(1+3+...+\left(2n+1\right)^2=\left(n+1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow lim\frac{1+3+...+2n+1}{3n^2+4}=lim\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{3n^2+4}=lim\frac{\left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)^2}{3+\frac{4}{n^2}}=\frac{1}{3}\)
g/ \(=lim\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=lim\left(1-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=1-0=1\)
h/ Ta có: \(1^2+2^2+...+n^2=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow lim\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=lim\frac{2n+1}{6n+12}=lim\frac{2+\frac{1}{n}}{6+\frac{12}{n}}=\frac{2}{6}=\frac{1}{3}\)
a/ \(=lim\frac{3\left(\frac{2}{7}\right)^n-8}{4.\left(\frac{3}{7}\right)^n+5}=-\frac{8}{5}\)
b/ \(=lim\frac{6.4^n-\frac{2}{9}.6^n}{\frac{1}{2}.6^n+4.3^n}=lim\frac{6\left(\frac{4}{6}\right)^n-\frac{2}{9}}{\frac{1}{2}+4.\left(\frac{3}{6}\right)^n}=\frac{-\frac{2}{9}}{\frac{1}{2}}=-\frac{4}{9}\)
c/ \(=lim\frac{\left(-\frac{3}{5}\right)^n+2}{\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^n-1}=\frac{2}{-1}=-2\)
d/ \(=lim\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2\left(n^2+n+1\right)}=lim\frac{1+\frac{1}{n}}{2+\frac{2}{n}+\frac{2}{n^2}}=\frac{1}{2}\)
a) Vì \(\lim \left( {8 + \frac{1}{n} - 8} \right) = \lim \frac{1}{n} = 0\) nên \(\lim {u_n} = 8.\)
Vì \(\lim \left( {4 - \frac{2}{n} - 4} \right) = \lim \frac{{ - 2}}{n} = 0\) nên \(\lim {v_n} = 4.\)
b) \({u_n} + {v_n} = 8 + \frac{1}{n} + 4 - \frac{2}{n} = 12 - \frac{1}{n}\)
Vì \(\lim \left( {12 - \frac{1}{n} - 12} \right) = \lim \frac{{ - 1}}{n} = 0\) nên \(\lim \left( {{u_n} + {v_n}} \right) = 12.\)
Mà \(\lim {u_n} + \lim {v_n} = 12\)
Do đó \(\lim \left( {{u_n} + {v_n}} \right) = \lim {u_n} + \lim {v_n}.\)
c) \({u_n}.{v_n} = \left( {8 + \frac{1}{n}} \right).\left( {4 - \frac{2}{n}} \right) = 32 - \frac{{14}}{n} - \frac{2}{{{n^2}}}\)
Sử dụng kết quả của ý b ta có \(\lim \left( {32 - \frac{{14}}{n} - \frac{2}{{{n^2}}}} \right) = \lim 32 - \lim \frac{{14}}{n} - \lim \frac{2}{{{n^2}}} = 32\)
Mà \(\left( {\lim {u_n}} \right).\left( {\lim {v_n}} \right) = 32\)
Do đó \(\lim \left( {{u_n}.{v_n}} \right) = \left( {\lim {u_n}} \right).\left( {\lim {v_n}} \right).\)
a) lim \(\frac{\left(2n+1\right)^2\left(n-1\right)}{\sqrt[3]{n^3+7n-2}}\)
= lim \(\left(2n+1\right)^2.\frac{\left(1-\frac{1}{n}\right)}{\sqrt[3]{1+\frac{7}{n^2}-\frac{2}{n^3}}}\)
\(=+\infty\)
b) lim \(\left(2n-1\right)\sqrt{\frac{2n^2+5}{n^4+n^2+2}}\)
= lim \(\left(2-\frac{1}{n}\right)\sqrt{\frac{2+\frac{5}{n^2}}{1+\frac{1}{n^2}+\frac{2}{n^4}}}\)
=2.2 = 4
c ) = lim \(n.\frac{n^2}{\sqrt[3]{\left(n^3+n^2\right)^2+n\sqrt[3]{n^3+n^2}+n^2}}\)
= lim \(n.\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)^2+\sqrt[3]{1+\frac{1}{n}}+1}}\)
\(=+\infty\)
Câu 1.
\(y = \dfrac{{n + \sin 2n}}{{n + 5}} = \dfrac{{\dfrac{n}{n} + \dfrac{{\sin 2n}}{n}}}{{\dfrac{n}{n} + \dfrac{5}{n}}} = \dfrac{{1 + \dfrac{{2.\sin 2n}}{{2n}}}}{{1 + \dfrac{5}{n}}}\\ \Rightarrow \lim y = \dfrac{{1 + 0}}{{1 + 0}} = 1 \)
Câu 2.
\(\lim \dfrac{{3\sin n + 4\cos n}}{{n + 1}}\)
Vì \( - 1 \le \sin n \le 1; - 1 \le \cos n \le 1 \Rightarrow \) khi \(x \to \infty \) thì \(3\sin n + 4{\mathop{\rm cosn}\nolimits} = const \)
\(\Rightarrow T = \lim \dfrac{{3\sin n + 4\cos n}}{{n + 1}} = 0 \)
Chú thích: $const$ là kí hiệu hằng số, giống như dạng giới hạn L/vô cùng.