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\(1,\)
\(a,\) Với \(n=1\Leftrightarrow5+2\cdot1+1=8⋮8\left(đúng\right)\)
Giả sử \(n=k\left(k\ge1\right)\Leftrightarrow5^k+2\cdot3^{k-1}+1⋮8\)
Với \(n=k+1\)
\(5^n+2\cdot3^{n-1}+1=5^{k+1}+2\cdot3^k+1\\ =5^k\cdot5+2\cdot3^k+1\\ =5^k\cdot2+2\cdot3^k+5^k\cdot3+1\\ =2\left(5^k+3^k\right)+5^k+2\cdot5^{k-1}+1+2\cdot3^{k-1}-2\cdot3^{k-1}\\ =2\left(5^k+3^k\right)+\left(5^k+2\cdot3^{k-1}+1\right)-2\left(3^{k-1}+5^{k-1}\right)\)
Vì \(5^k+3^k⋮\left(5+3\right)=8;5^{k-1}+3^{k-1}⋮\left(5+3\right)=8;5^k+2\cdot3^{k-1}+1⋮8\) nên \(5^{k+1}+2\cdot3^k+1⋮8\)
Theo pp quy nạp ta được đpcm
\(b,\) Với \(n=1\Leftrightarrow3^3+4^3=91⋮13\left(đúng\right)\)
Giả sử \(n=k\left(k\ge1\right)\Leftrightarrow3^{k+2}+4^{2k+1}⋮13\)
Với \(n=k+1\)
\(3^{n+2}+4^{2n+1}=3^{k+3}+4^{2k+3}\\ =3^{k+2}\cdot3+16\cdot4^{2k+1}\\ =3^{k+2}\cdot3+3\cdot4^{2k+1}+13\cdot4^{2k+1}\\ =3\left(3^{k+2}+4^{2k+1}\right)+13\cdot4^{2k+1}\)
Vì \(3^{k+2}+4^{2k+1}⋮13;13\cdot4^{2k+1}⋮13\) nên \(3^{k+3}+4^{2k+3}⋮13\)
Theo pp quy nạp ta được đpcm
\(1,\)
\(c,C=6^{2n}+3^{n+2}+3^n\\ C=36^n+3^n\cdot9+3^n\\ C=\left(36^n-3^n\right)+\left(3^n\cdot9+2\cdot3^n\right)\\ C=\left(36^n-3^n\right)+3^n\cdot11\)
Vì \(36^n-3^n⋮\left(36-3\right)=33⋮11;3^n\cdot11⋮11\) nên \(C⋮11\)
\(d,D=1^n+2^n+5^n+8^n\)
Vì \(1^n+2^n+5^n⋮\left(1+2+5\right)=8;8^n⋮8\) nên \(D⋮8\)
a) n(n + 5) - (n - 3)(n + 2) = n2 + 5n - n2 - 2n + 3n + 6 = 6n + 6 = 6(n + 1) \(⋮\)6 \(\forall\)x \(\in\)Z
b) (n2 + 3n - 1)(n + 2) - n3 + 2 = n3 + 2n2 + 3n2 + 6n - n - 2 - n3 + 2 = 5n2 + 5n = 5n(n + 1) \(⋮\)5 \(\forall\)x \(\in\)Z
c) (6n + 1)(n + 5) - (3n + 5)(2n - 1) = 6n2 + 30n + n + 5 - 6n2 + 3n - 10n + 5 = 24n + 10 = 2(12n + 5) \(⋮\)2 \(\forall\)x \(\in\)Z
d) (2n - 1)(2n + 1) - (4n - 3)(n - 2) - 4 = 4n2 - 1 - 4n2 + 8n + 3n - 6 - 4 = 11n - 11 = 11(n - 1) \(⋮\)11 \(\forall\)x \(\in\)Z
a: \(\Leftrightarrow2n^2+n-2n-1+3⋮2n+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2n+1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)
hay \(n\in\left\{0;-1;1;-2\right\}\)
b: \(\Leftrightarrow2n^2-4n+5n-10+3⋮n-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n-2\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)
hay \(n\in\left\{3;1;5;-1\right\}\)
c: \(\Leftrightarrow10n^2-15n+8n-12+7⋮2n-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2n-3\in\left\{1;-1;7;-7\right\}\)
hay \(n\in\left\{2;1;5;-2\right\}\)
d: \(\Leftrightarrow2n^2-n+4n-2+5⋮2n-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2n-1\in\left\{1;-1;5;-5\right\}\)
hay \(n\in\left\{1;0;3;-2\right\}\)
đề bài bạn ơi???????