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\(\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)^2=\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\)\(=\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|^2+\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|^2+2\overrightarrow{a}\overrightarrow{b}\).
\(\left(\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)^2=\left(\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)\)\(=\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|^2+\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|^2-2\overrightarrow{a}\overrightarrow{b}\).
\(\left(\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)=\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|^2+\overrightarrow{a}\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{a}\overrightarrow{b}+\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|^2\)\(=\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|^2-\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|^2\).
b) \(\left|\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|\) khi vectơ a và vectơ b cùng hướng
\(\left(a+2b\right)^2=28\Leftrightarrow a^2+4b^2+4ab=28\)
\(\Rightarrow ab=\frac{28-4^2-4.3^2}{4}=-6\)
\(\Rightarrow cos\left(a;b\right)=-\frac{6}{4.3}=-\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow\left(a;b\right)=120^0\)
a: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+3y=5\\2x-y=6\end{matrix}\right.\)=>x=23/7; y=4/7
b: \(2\cdot\overrightarrow{A}+3\cdot\overrightarrow{B}\)
\(=\left(2\cdot1+3\cdot3;2\cdot2+3\cdot\left(-1\right)\right)\)
=(11;1)
c: \(\overrightarrow{A}\cdot\overrightarrow{B}=\left(3;-2\right)\)
\(\left|\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right|^2=\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\)
\(=\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|^2+\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|^2+2\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}\)
\(=5^2+12^2+2.5.12.cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}\right)\)
\(=169+120cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}\right)=13^2\)
Suy ra: \(cos\left(\overrightarrow{a};\overrightarrow{b}\right)=0\).
\(\overrightarrow{a}\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)=\left(\overrightarrow{a}\right)^2+\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=5^2+5.12.0=25\).
Mặt khác \(\overrightarrow{a}\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)=\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|.\left|\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right|.cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\)
\(=5.13.cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\).
Vì vậy \(25=5.13.cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\).
\(cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)=\dfrac{5}{13}\).
Vậy góc giữa hai véc tơ \(\overrightarrow{a}\) và \(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\) là \(\alpha\) sao cho \(cos\alpha=\dfrac{5}{13}\).