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I. Make questions for the following sentences based on the underlined words.
1. She is unhappy because her grades in Maths are so bad.
Why is she unhappy?
2. My sister looked tired because she had too many exercises to do.
Why did your sister look tired?
3. We mustn't let the children play in the kichen because it is sometimes a dangerous place.
Why mustn't we let the children play in the kitchen?
4. She didn't feel well because she ate too much meat.
Why didn't she fell well?
5. I can't buy those books because I don't have enough money.
Why can't you buy those books?
6. They were wet because it rained heavily.
Why were they wet?
7. My sister stayed at home yesterday because she felt sick.
Why did your sister stay at home yesterday?
8. I did not travel by train because the weather was so bad.
Why didn't you travel by train?
9. The man had to leave the office immediately because he did not feel well.
Why did the man have to leave the office immediately?
10. They wear warm clothes because it is cold.
Why do they wear warm clothes?
II. Complete the sentences with either BECAUSE or BECAUSE OF:
1. We postponed our trip because of the bad driving conditions.
2. Sue’s eyes were red because she had been swimming in a chlorinated pool.
3. We can’t visit the museum tomorrow because it isn’t open.
4. Jim had to give up jogging because of his sprained ankle. (mắt cá bong gân)
5. Because heavy fog at the airport, we had to stay in Boston an extra day.
6. Please walk carefully because the walkway is slippery (adj-trơn) when wet.
7. Thousands of Irish people emigrated to the United States because of the potato famine
(nạn đóikém/sự khan hiếm) in Ireland in the middle of the nineteenth century
8. My lecture notes(diễn thuyết) were incomplete because the instructor talked too fast.
9. Because it rained, we stayed home.
10. A tomato is classified(xếp loại) as a fruit, but most people consider it a vegetable because
it is prepared and eaten in the same way as lettuce(rau diếp), onions and other vegetables.
III. Complete the sentences with THOUGH(mặc dầu) or BECAUSE :
1. I put on sunglasses though it was a dark, cloudy day.
2. I put on sunglasses because the sun was bright.
3. Though she has a job, she doesn’t make enough money to support her four chidren.
4. Because she has a job, she is able to pay her rent and provide food her four children.
5. I’m going horseback riding with Judy this afternoon though I’m afraid of horse.
6. Though Tom didn’t know how to dance, he wanted to go the school dance because he felt lonely sitting and staring blankly at the TV while all of his friends were having fun together.
IV- BECAUSE + CLAUSE / SENTENCE / BECAUSE OF + NOUN / PHRASE
1. He is bad at English because he is very lazy.
- He is bad at English because of his laziness.
2. He didn’t come to class because he was ill.
- He didn’t come to class because of his illness.
3. Everyone likes and admires her because of her intelligence.
- Everyone likes and admires her because she is intelligent.
4. The flight 202 was delayed because the weather was bad.
- The flight 202 was delayed because of the bad weather.
5. He decided to accept the job because the salary was high.
- He decided to accept the job because of the high salary.
6. I didn’t come on time because it rained heavily.
- I didn’t come on time because of the heavy rain.
7. She smiles because she is very happy.
- She smiles because of her happiness.
8. They can’t miss the meeting because it is very important.
- They can’t miss the meeting because of its importance.
9. I was late for the meeting because the traffic was heavy.
- I was late for the meeting because of the heavy traffic.
10. My grandmother can’t work hard because she is very old.
- My grandmother can’t work hard because of her old age.
11. He likes her because she’s very beautiful and attractive.
- He likes her because of her beauty and atraction.
12. He didn’t go to school because he was very poor.
- He didn’t go to school because of his poorness.
13. He broke the glass because he was careless.
- He broke the glass because of his carelessness.
14. He left school because his life was hard.
- He left school because of his hard life.
15. My little brother can’t chew well because of his toothache.
- My little brother can’t chew well because he has a toothache.
16. I can’t play basketball because of my height.
- I can’t play basketball because I'm heavy.
17. We can’t swim in this part of the river because of highly polluted water.
- We can’t swim in this part of the river because the water is highly polluted.
18. We spent the whole day in the garden because of lovely weather.
- We spent the whole day in the garden because the weather was lovely.
19. Two cars can’t pass each other because of the narrow road.
- Two cars can’t pass each other because the road is narrow.
20. Nobody can do this test because of its difficulty.
- Nobody can do this test because it's difficult.
1. We could do the test . It was very difficult (although)
=> Although the test was very difficult , we could do it
2.Tom couldn't go too school. He was ill ( so...that)
=> Tom was ill so that he couldn;t go to school
3.Solar anergy is cheap . It is also clean ( not only ... but also )
=> Solar energy is not only cheap but also clean
4. They arrived very late . They didn't see the beginning of the film (so...that)
=> They arrived very late so that they didn't see the beginning of the film
5.It was an expensive car . We couldn't afford to buy it(such)
=> It was such an expensive car that we couldn't afford to buy
6. There was few people at the meeting . It was cancelled(because)
=> The meeting was cancelled because there was few people at this
7.. We couldn't understand her because she spoke too fast (Therefore)
=> She spoke too fast,therefore we couldn;t understand her
8.I've meet too many people. I can't remember all their name (because)
=> I can't remember all their name because I've meet too many people
9. These exercise are very difficult . She can't do them (such...that)
=> These are such difficult exercise that she can't do them
10. It rained heavily . They went to school(despite)
=> Depite rainning heavily, they went to school
11. I can't go with you . I have a lot of work to do(Because of)
=> Because of having a lot of working, I can't go with you
1. We could do the test . It was very difficult (although)
Although the test was very difficult, we could do it
2.Tom couldn't go too school. He was ill ( so...that)
Tom was so ill that he couldn't go to school
3.Solar anergy is cheap . It is also clean ( not only ... but also )
Not only is solar energy cheap but it also clean
4. They arrived very late . They didn't see the beginning of the film (so...that)
They arrived so late that they didn't see the beginning of the film
5.It was an expensive car . We couldn't afford to buy it(such)
Such an expensive car ! We couldn't afford to buy it
6. There was few people at the meeting . It was cancelled(because)
It was cancelled because there was few people at the meeting
7.. We couldn't understand her because she spoke too fast (Therefore)
8.I've meet too many people. I can't remember all their name (because)
I can't remember all people name because I've met too many people
9. These exercise are very difficult . She can't do them (such...that)
It's such a difficult exercise that she can't do them
10. It rained heavily . They went to school(despite)
Despite heavy rain, they went to school
11. I can't go with you . I have a lot of work to do(Because of)
Because of doing a lot of work, I can't go with you
1. Although she was ill, she went to school.
- In spite of her illness, she went to school.
2. He didn’t come because he was sick.
- He didn’t come because of his sickness
3. She didn’t eat much though she was hungry.
- Despite her hunger, She didn’t eat muc
4. The train was late because the fog was thick.
- Because of the thick fog, The train was late
5. I accepted the job although the salary was low.
- In spite of low salary, I accepted the job
6. The plane couldn’t take off because the weather was bad.
- Because of the bad weather, The plane couldn’t take off b
7. She stayed at home because her mother was sick.
- Because of her mother's sickness, She stayed at home
8. He didn’t leave school even though his family was poor.
- Despite his family's poverty, He didn’t leave school
9. All the teachers love him because his conduct is good.
- Because of his good conduct, All the teachers love him
10. The flight was not delayed though it was foggy.
- Despite the fog, The flight was not delayed
11. We couldn’t study because it was noisy.
- Because of the noise, We couldn’t study
12. Even though it was cold, I went swimming.
- In spite of the cold, I went swimming.
13. These students didn’t arrive late although there was the traffic jam.
- Despite the traffic jam., These students didn’t arrive late
14. Mary can’t sleep because there was the noise.
- Because of the noise, Mary can’t sleep
15. She didn’t get ill though she worked very hard.
- In spite of working very hard, She didn’t get ill
16. His wife usually gives him a list because he often forgets things.
- Because of forgetting things., His wife usually gives him a list
17. Though he had much experience, he didn’t succeed in repairing the machine.
- Despite having much experience, he didn’t succeed in repairing the machine.
18. Though Kid has failed so often, he has never been disappointed.
- Despite having failed so often, he has never been disappointed.
19. Though I hadn’t eaten anything for 24 hours, I didn’t feel hungry.
- In spite of not having eaten anything for 24 hours, I didn’t feel hungry.
20. He ate all the fruits though they were green.
- He ate all the fruits despite being green
21. He left school because his life was hard.
- Because of his hard life , He left school
22. Although he hadn’t finished the paper, he went to sleep.
- Despite not having finished the paper, he went to sleep.
23. He is dismissed because of being late for work often.
- Because he is late for work often., He is dismissed
24. Because of driving too fast, he caused a serious accident.
- Because he drove too fast, he caused a serious accident.
25. Although the streets are narrow, many people drive cars in this city.
- In spite of the narrow streets, many people drive cars in this city.
26. Because he got up early, he wasn’t late for the first train.
- Because of getting up early, he wasn’t late for the first train.
27. Although he is strong, I’m not afraid of him.
- In spite of his strength, I’m not afraid of him.
28. My neighbour couldn’t return home because of losing all of his money.
- Because My neighbour lost all of his money, he couldn’t return home
29. He carried the bed onto the roof of his house because of the hot weather.
- Because the weather was hot, He carried the bed onto the roof of his house
30. I can sleep although it is hot.
- In spite of heat. I can sleep
31. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.
- I couldn’t do the test because of its difficulty
32. He always studies hard though he encounters difficulties.
- Despite difficulties, He always studies hard
33. Because of not knowing Russian, I’ve had to have the document translated into French.
- Because i don't know Russian, I’ve had to have the document translated into French.
34. Although it got dark, they continued to work.
- In spite of the darkness, they continued to work.
35. Although he’s got an English name, he is in fact German.
-Despite his English name, he is in fact German.
36. Because of having an accident, these students arrived late.
- Because these students had an accident, they arrived late.
37. Nick is often punished because he is lazy.
- Because of his laziness,Nick is often punished
38. We bought the house though its rooms were small.
- We bought the house despite its small rooms
39. The accident happened because of his being negligent in his driving.
- Because he was negligent in his driving., The accident happened
40. Karen works on Sundays because she gets paid extra.
- Because of getting paid extra., Karen works on Sundays
41. Although he had planed everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.
- Despite having planed everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.
42. She ate much because of her hunger.
- Because she was hungry, She ate much
43. Although the prices are high, my daughters insist on going to the movie.
- Despite high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movie.
44. We didn’t go fishing because the water was rough.
- Because of the rough water, We didn’t go fishing
45. Although they study hard, they can’t get good marks.
- In spite of studying hard, they can’t get good marks.
46. In spite of her telling the truth, the policeman didn’t believe her.
- Even though she told the truth, the policeman didn’t believe her.
47. Because there were the obstacles, the building didn’t go along as planed.
- Because of the obstacles, the building didn’t go along as planed.
48. Because of not hearing the speaker, I moved to the front row.
- Because i didn't heard the speaker, I moved to the front row.
1. Although she was ill, she went to school.
- In spite of .......her illness, she went to school......................................................................................................................
2. He didn’t come because he was sick.
- He didn’t come because of.......................his sickness....................................................................................
3. She didn’t eat much though she was hungry.
- Despite ..........her hunger, she didn't eat much .............................................................................................................
4. The train was late because the fog was thick.
- Because of .......the thick fog, the train was late................................................................................................................
5. I accepted the job although the salary was low.
- In spite of ......the slow salary, i accepted the job.................................................................................................................
6. The plane couldn’t take off because the weather was bad.
- Because of ........the bad weather, the plane couldn't take off...............................................................................................................
7. She stayed at home because her mother was sick.
- Because of ........her mother's sickness, she stayed at home...............................................................................................................
8. He didn’t leave school even though his family was poor.
- Despite .........his family's poverty, he didn't leave school..............................................................................................................
9. All the teachers love him because his conduct is good.
- Because of .......his good conduct, all the teachers love him................................................................................................................
10. The flight was not delayed though it was foggy.
- Despite ........the fog, the flight was not delayed...............................................................................................................
11. We couldn’t study because it was noisy.
- Because of .....the noise, we couldn't study.................................................................................................................
12. Even though it was cold, I went swimming.
- In spite of ......the cold, i went swimming.................................................................................................................
13. These students didn’t arrive late although there was the traffic jam.
- Despite .....the traffic jam, these students didn't arrive late..................................................................................................................
14. Mary can’t sleep because there was the noise.
- Because of ...the noise, mary can't sleep....................................................................................................................
15. She didn’t get ill though she worked very hard.
- In spite of .......working very hard, she didn't het ill................................................................................................................
16. His wife usually gives him a list because he often forgets things.
- Because of ...........forgetting things, his wife usually gives him a list............................................................................................................
17. Though he had much experience, he didn’t succeed in repairing the machine.
- Despite ........having much experience, he didn't succeed in repairing the machine...............................................................................................................
18. Though Kid has failed so often, he has never been disappointed.
- Despite .........having failed so often, he has never been disappointed..............................................................................................................
19. Though I hadn’t eaten anything for 24 hours, I didn’t feel hungry.
- In spite of .......not having eaten anything for 24 hours, i didn't feel hungry................................................................................................................
20. He ate all the fruits though they were green.
- He ate all the fruits despite.........being green..................................................................................................
21. He left school because his life was hard.
- Because of ........his hard life , he left school...............................................................................................................
22. Although he hadn’t finished the paper, he went to sleep.
- Despite ....not having finished the paper, he went to sleep...................................................................................................................
23. He is dismissed because of being late for work often.
- Because ..........he is late for work often, he is dismissed.............................................................................................................
24. Because of driving too fast, he caused a serious accident.
- Because ......he drove too fast, he caused a serious accident.................................................................................................................
25. Although the streets are narrow, many people drive cars in this city.
- In spite of ..........the narrow streets, many people drive cars in this city.............................................................................................................
26. Because he got up early, he wasn’t late for the first train.
- Because of .........getting up early, he wasn't late for the first train..............................................................................................................
27. Although he is strong, I’m not afraid of him.
- In spite of ..........his strength, i'm not afraid of him.............................................................................................................
28. My neighbour couldn’t return home because of losing all of his money.
- Because .........my neighbour lost all of his money, he couldn't return home..............................................................................................................
29. He carried the bed onto the roof of his house because of the hot weather.
- Because .........the weather was hot, he carried the bed onto the roof of his house..............................................................................................................
30. I can sleep although it is hot.
- In spite of ...........being hot, i can sleep............................................................................................................
31. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.
- I couldn’t do the test because of....being difficult...............................................................................................
32. He always studies hard though he encounters difficulties.
- Despite ........encountering difficulties, he always studies hard...............................................................................................................
33. Because of not knowing Russian, I’ve had to have the document translated into French.
- Because ....i don't know Russian, i've had to have the document translated into French...................................................................................................................................
34. Although it got dark, they continued to work.
- In spite of ......getting dark, they continued to work.................................................................................................................
35. Although he’s got an English name, he is in fact German.
-Despite. .....his English name, he is in fact German..................................................................................................................
36. Because of having an accident, these students arrived late.
- Because .....these students had an accident, they arrived late..................................................................................................................
37. Nick is often punished because he is lazy.
- Because of ......Nick's laziness, he is often punished.................................................................................................................
38. We bought the house though its rooms were small.
- We bought the house despite....its small rooms...................................................................................................
39. The accident happened because of his being negligent in his driving.
- Because ....he was negligent in his driving, the accident happened ...................................................................................................................
40. Karen works on Sundays because she gets paid extra.
- Because of .....getting paid extra, Karen works on Sundays..................................................................................................................
41. Although he had planed everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.
- Despite .......planning everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong................................................................................................................
42. She ate much because of her hunger.
- Because ....she was hungry, she ate much...................................................................................................................
43. Although the prices are high, my daughters insist on going to the movie.
- Despite .........the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movie..............................................................................................................
44. We didn’t go fishing because the water was rough.
- Because of .......the rough water, we didn't go fishing................................................................................................................
45. Although they study hard, they can’t get good marks.
- In spite of .......studying hard, they can't get good marks................................................................................................................
46. In spite of her telling the truth, the policeman didn’t believe her.
- Even though ........she told the truth, the policeman didn't believe her...............................................................................................................
47. Because there were the obstacles, the building didn’t go along as planed.
- Because of ......the obstacles, the building didn't go along as planed.................................................................................................................
48. Because of not hearing the speaker, I moved to the front row.
- Because .......i didn't hear the speaker, i moved to the front now................................................................................................................
I.Make questions for the following sentences based on the underlined words :
1. She is unhappy because her grades in Maths are so bad
=>Why is she unhappy?
2. My sister looked tired because she had too many exercises to do
=>Why did your sister look tired?
3. We mustn't let the children play in the kitchen because it is sometimes a dangerous place
=>Why must we not let children play in the kitchen?
4. She didn't feel well because she ate too much meat
=>Why did she not feel well?
5. I can't buy those books because I don't have enough money
=>Why can't you buy those books?
6. They were wet because it rained heavily
=>Why were they wet?
7. My sister stayed at home yesterday because she felt sick
=>Why did your sister stay at home yesterday?
8. I did not travel by train because the weather was so bad
=>Why didn't you travel by train?
9. The man had to leave the office immediately because he didn't feel well
.=>Why did the man have to leave the office immediately
10. They wear warm clothes because it is cold
=>Why do they wear warm clothes
I.Make questions for the following sentences based on the underlined words :
1. She is unhappy because her grades in Maths are so bad
why is she unhappy??
2. My sister looked tired because she had too many exercises to do
why did your sister look tired?
3. We mustn't let the children play in the kitchen because it is sometimes a dangerous place
why mustn't you let the children play in the kitchen?
4. She didn't feel well because she ate too much meat
why didn't she feel well?
5. I can't buy those books because I don't have enough money
why can't you buy those books?
6. They were wet because it rained heavily
why were they wet?
7. My sister stayed at home yesterday because she felt sick
why did your sister stay at home ?
8. I did not travel by train because the weather was so bad
why didn't you travel by train ?
9. The man had to leave the office immediately because he didn't feel well
why did the man have to leave the office immediately?
10. They wear warm clothes because it is cold
why do they wear warm clothes ?
9. Please turn ___on___ the gas, I want to cook my lunch. (over / back / on / in)
10. I like bananas, ___but___ my brother doesn’t. (because / but / and / even though)
11. I shall go __because____ you stay here. (and / because / however / although)
12. Jane will be admitted to the university __even though____ she has bad grades. (because / even though / because of / but)
13. _Despite_____ his physica l handicap, he has become a successful businessman. (Although / Despite / Because of / Because)
14. She was absent _because_____ her cold was worse. (because / or / because of / so)
15. The examination was long _and_____ difficult. (or / and / but / however)
16. Joh n was ill, __so____ he went to bed early. (but / so / because of / however)
17. I’d love to play the table tennis ___but___ I have to complete an assignment. (and / so / but / or)
Ex1: Rewrite the following sentences so that the second sentence means exactly the same as the sentence before it:
1. Although she was not beautiful, she took part in a beauty contest.
-> She wasn't beautiful but she took part in a beauty contest.
2. It was raining, so we decided to postpone our camping.
-> Since it was raining, we decided to postpone our camping.
3. She wants them to sing a song.
-> She suggests they should singing a song.
4. She couldn't come to class because of her illness.
-> As she was ill, she couldn't come to class.
5. She couldn't join us because she was busy.
-> She was busy, so she couldn't join us.
6. Because of having a lot of difficulties, she managed to sell the house.
-> As she had a lot of difficulties, she managed to sell house.
7. Shall we go to the cinema tonight ?
-> What about going to the cinema tonight?
8. They requested us to leave the place at once.
-> They suggested we leaving the place at once.
9. I stay at home because it is raining.
-> As it is raining, I stay at home.
10. She was tired and therefore wanted to go home.
-> She wanted to go home because of tiring
Ex2: Complete the sentences using and / but / so / or / because:
1. I like Linda very much ..but... I don't like her brother.
2. I'd like to live somewhere by the Mediterranean ..because... I love the Sun.
3. We enjoy learning English ....so..... we find it very difficult.
4. I can't go out tonight ....because..... I am short of money.
5. She went to the theatre last night ....and.... had a wonderful time.
6. They can't walk home ......because...... it is very dark.
7. Would you like to drink milk .....or....coffee ?
8. It's raining heavily, ....so.... I can't go out.
9. He did the tests well ...and...I did, too.
10. His life was hard ....but... he studied very well.
Ex3: Use connectives to combine each pair of the sentences:
1. He is very tired. He has to finish his homework. (but)
-> He is very tired but he has to finish his homework.
2. The room is very small. It's quite comfortable. (although)
-> Althought the room is small, it's quite comfortable.
3. They went for a walk. The weather was bad. (but)
-> The weather was bad but they went for a walk.
4. Our teacher didn't arrive late. The traffic was terrible. (although)
-> Althought the trafic was terrible, our teacher didn't arive late.
5. I like watching TV. I like going to the cinema. (and)
-> I like watching TV and going to the cinema.
6. She wears glasses. She wants to see better. (because)
-> She wears glasses because she wants to see better.
Study well. 
1. He is very tired. He has to finish his homework. (but)
-> He is very tired but he has to finish his homework.
2. The room is very small. It's quite comfortable. (although)
->Although the room is very small, It's quite comfortable.
3. They went for a walk. The weather was bad. (but)
-> The weather was bad but they went for a walk.
4. Our teacher didn't arrive late. The traffic was terrible. (although)
-> Although the traffic was terrible, our teacher didn't arrive late.
5. I like watching TV. I like going to the cinema. (and)
-> I like watching TV and going to the cinema.
6. She wears glasses. She wants to see better. (because)
-> She wears glasses because she wants to see better.
1.Hoa could buy that house because she was rich.
=>Hoa was rich, so she could buy that house
2.Because the rain was so heavy,I couldn't go to school.
=>Because of the heavy rain, I couldn't go to school.
3.His father asked him to stay at home because he was sick.
=>His father asked him to stay at home because of his sickness
4.Because there was an accident,I was late.
=>Because of an accident, I was late.
5.She failed the University entrance exam because her grades were bad.
=>She failed the University entrance exam because of her bad grades
6.Because of the cheap price,my wife insists on buying the TV.
=>Because the price is cheap, my wife insists on buying the TV.
7.Because I studied hard,I passed the exam.
=>Because of studying hard,I passed the exam.
8.Nam can learn very fast because he is an intelligent student.
=>Nam can learn very fast because of being an intelligent student.
9.Because it was raining heavily,we didn't go to school.
=>Because of the heavy rain, we didn't go to school.
Change clauses of reas on to phrases: 1. Mary didn't go to school yesterday because she was sick. ..Because of Mary's sickness , she didn't go to school yesterday ...
2. She went to bed early because she felt tired. ..She went to bed early because of feeling tired ...
3.Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold ...Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because of having a bad cold ..
4. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard and methodically. ..John succeeded in his exam because of his hard and methodically work..
5. Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick. ..Margaret stayed home because of her mother 's sickness....
6. I like him because his father is kind to me. .... I like him because of his father 's kindness.
7. I can't eat these fruits because they are green. ...I can't eat these fruits because of being green..
8. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult. .I couldn’t do the test because of its dificulty...
9. I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark. .. I couldn’t read the letter because of the darkness.
10. He came late because it rained heavily .... He came late because of the heavy rain...
Change clauses of reas on to phrases:
1. Mary didn't go to school yesterday because she was sick.
=> Mary didn't go to school yesterday because of her sickness
2. She went to bed early because she felt tired.
=> She went to bed early because of her tiredness
3.Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold
=> Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because of her bad cold
4. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard and methodically.
=> John succeeded in his exam because of working hard and methodically.
5. Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick.
=> Margaret stayed home because of her mother’s sickness
6. I like him because his father is kind to me.
=> Because of the kind of his father, I like him.
7. I can't eat these fruits because they are green.
=> Because of green fruits, I can't eat them.
8. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.
=> Because of its difficulty, I couldn't do the test .
9. I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark.
=> Because of the darkness , I couldn’t read the letter .
10. He came late because it rained heavily
=> Because of the heavy rain, He came late .