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Lời giải:
a.
$\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow \frac{a}{b}-\frac{c}{d}<0$
$\Rightarrow \frac{ad-bc}{bd}< 0$
$\Rightarrow ad-bc<0$ (do $bd>0$)
$\Rightarrow ad< bc$ (đpcm)
b.
$\frac{a}{b}-\frac{a+c}{b+d}=\frac{a(b+d)-b(a+c)}{b(b+d)}=\frac{ad-bc}{b(b+d)}<0$ do $ad-bc<0$ và $b(b+d)>0$
$\Rightarrow \frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}$
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$\frac{a+c}{b+d}-\frac{c}{d}=\frac{d(a+c)-c(b+d)}{d(b+d)}=\frac{ad-bc}{d(b+d)}<0$ do $ad-bc<0$ và $d(b+d)>0$
$\Rightarrow \frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}$
Ta có đpcm.
Sửa: CMR \(\dfrac{a^3+c^3+m^3}{b^3+d^3+n^3}=\left(\dfrac{a+c-m}{b+d-n}\right)^3\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{m}{n}=k\Rightarrow a=kb;c=kd;m=kn\)
\(\dfrac{a^3+c^3+m^3}{b^3+d^3+n^3}=\dfrac{k^3b^3+k^3d^3+k^3n^3}{b^3+d^3+n^3}=\dfrac{k^3\left(b^3+d^3+n^3\right)}{b^3+d^3+n^3}=k^3\)
\(\left(\dfrac{a+c-m}{b+d-m}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{kb+kd-kn}{b+d-n}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{k\left(b+d-n\right)}{b+d-n}\right)^3=k^3\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3+c^3+m^3}{b^3+d^3+n^3}=\left(\dfrac{a+c-m}{b+d-n}\right)^3\left(=k^3\right)\)
Đặt ; \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk;c=dk\) Ta có; \(\dfrac{ab}{cd}=\dfrac{bk.b}{dk.d}=\dfrac{b.\left(k+1\right)}{d.\left(k+1\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{c}\) = \(\dfrac{b}{d}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{c}\) = \(\dfrac{5a}{5c}\) = \(\dfrac{3b}{3d}\) Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{c}\) = \(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5c+3d}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{a}{c}\) = \(\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}\) (2)
Kết hợp (1) và (2) ta có:
\(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5c+3d}\) = \(\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}\)
⇒ \(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5a-3b}\) = \(\dfrac{5c+3d}{5c-3d}\) (đpcm)
b; \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{3a}{3b}\) = \(\dfrac{2c}{2d}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{3a+2c}{3b+2d}\) (đpcm)
Áp dụng công thức tỉ lệ phân số ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{d^2}=\dfrac{ac}{bd}\)
\(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}=\dfrac{a+b-a+b}{c+d-c+d}=\dfrac{2b}{2d}=\dfrac{b}{d}\left(1\right)\\ \dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}=\dfrac{a+b+a-b}{c+d+c-d}=\dfrac{2a}{2c}=\dfrac{a}{c}\left(2\right)\\ \left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Đặt a/b=c/d=k
=>a=bk; c=dk
\(\dfrac{a+b}{a}=\dfrac{bk+b}{bk}=\dfrac{k+1}{k}\)
\(\dfrac{c+d}{c}=\dfrac{dk+d}{d}=\dfrac{k+1}{k}\)
=>(a+b)/a=(c+d)/c
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\\ \Rightarrow ad< bc\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ad+ab< bc+ab\\ad+cd< bc+cd\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\\d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\\\dfrac{c}{d}>\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
Vậy...
Giải thích chi tiết một chút cho bạn dễ hiểu:
+)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}.bd< \dfrac{c}{d}.bd\\ \Rightarrow ad< bc\)
+)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\\d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a\left(b+d\right)}{b\left(b+d\right)}< \dfrac{b\left(a+c\right)}{b\left(b+d\right)}\\\dfrac{d\left(a+c\right)}{c\left(a+c\right)}< \dfrac{c\left(b+d\right)}{c\left(a+c\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\\\dfrac{d}{c}< \dfrac{b+d}{a+c}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\\\dfrac{c}{d}>\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\end{matrix}\right. \)