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Ta có: \(5a^2+2ab+2b^2=4a^2+2ab+b^2+\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge4a^2+2ab+b^2+2ab=\left(2a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}}\le\frac{1}{2a+b}\)
Lại có: \(\frac{1}{2a+b}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự cộng lại ta có: \(VT\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Theo BĐT Bunhiacopxki ta có: \(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\le3\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
GT => (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)=(a+1)+(b+1)+(c+1)
Đặt \(\frac{1}{a+1}=x,\frac{1}{1+b}=y,\frac{1}{c+1}=z\), ta cần tìm min của\(\frac{x}{x^2+1}+\frac{y}{y^2+1}+\frac{z}{z^2+1}\)với xy+yz+zx=1
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(z+x\right)+z\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)Mà (x+y)(y+z)(z+x) >= 8/9 (x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz) >= \(\frac{8\sqrt{3}}{9}\) nên \(M\)=< \(\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\),dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=\(\sqrt{3}-1\)
Theo giả thiết, ta có: \(abc+ab+bc+ca=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc+ab+bc+ca+a+b+c+1=a+b+c+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)=\left(a+1\right)+\left(b+1\right)+\left(c+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)}=1\)
Đặt \(\left(a+1;b+1;c+1\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{x};\frac{\sqrt{3}}{y};\frac{\sqrt{3}}{z}\right)\). Khi đó giả thiết bài toán được viết lại thành xy + yz + zx = 3
Ta có: \(M=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a+1}{a^2+2a+2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a+1}{\left(a+1\right)^2+1}\)\(=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{a+1+\frac{1}{a+1}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{x}+\frac{x}{\sqrt{3}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{x}{x^2+3}+\frac{y}{y^2+3}+\frac{z}{z^2+3}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{3}\text{}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{x}{x^2+xy+yz+zx}\right)=\sqrt{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}\right)=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)hay \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}-1\)
Đặt \(x=\frac{2}{a};\) \(y=\frac{4}{b};\) \(z=\frac{1}{c}\)
(Vì \(a,b,c\in R^+\) nên suy ra \(x,y,z>0\) )
Khi đó, điều kiện (giả thiết) đã cho trở thành \(\frac{x^3+y^3}{xyz}+2\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)=6\) \(\left(\text{*}\right)\)
Với điều kiện mà \(x,y,z\) nhận được trên thì ta dễ dàng chứng minh được:
\(x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)
Do đó, \(\frac{x^3+y^3}{xyz}\ge\frac{xy\left(x+y\right)}{xyz}=\frac{x+y}{z}\)
Mặt khác, nhờ vào bđt Cauchy và yếu tố chủ chốt là \(x,y>0\), ta có đánh giá sau: \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\ge2\)
nên \(6=\frac{x^3+y^3}{xyz}+2\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\ge\frac{x+y}{z}+4\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(0< \frac{x+y}{z}\le2\)
\(--------------\)
Ta có:
\(P=\frac{x}{y+2z}+\frac{y}{2z+x}+\frac{4z}{x+y}\ge\frac{x^2}{xy+2xz}+\frac{y^2}{2yz+xy}+\frac{4z}{x+y}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2xy+2z\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{4z}{x+y}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}+2z\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{4z}{x+y}=\frac{2\left(x+y\right)}{x+y+4z}+\frac{4z}{x+y}\)
Tóm lại: \(P\ge\frac{\frac{2\left(x+y\right)}{z}}{\frac{x+y}{z}+4}+\frac{4}{\frac{x+y}{z}}\)
\(--------------\)
Đặt \(t=\frac{x+y}{z}\) \(\left(0< t\le2\right)\). Ta biểu diễn bất đẳng thức trên dưới dạng biến \(t\) như sau:
\(P\ge\frac{2t}{t+4}+\frac{4}{t}=\frac{2t}{t+4}+\frac{4}{t+4}+\frac{8}{t\left(t+4\right)}+\frac{8}{t\left(t+4\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{64t}{t\left(t+4\right)^3}}+\frac{8}{t\left(t+4\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{12}{t+4}+\frac{8}{t\left(t+4\right)}\ge\frac{12}{2+4}+\frac{8}{2.6}=\frac{8}{3}\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=y\\\frac{x+y}{z}=2\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x=y=z\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(2a=b=4c\)
Vậy, \(P\) đạt giá trị nhỏ nhất là \(\frac{8}{3}\) khi \(2a=b=4c\)
Đề thi tuyển sinh chuyên Khoa học tự nhiên-Đại Học quốc gia Hà Nội năm học 2017-2018
ta có: \(ab+bc+ca+abc=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)=\left(1+a\right)+\left(1+b\right)+\left(1+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}=1\)
đặt \(x=\frac{1}{1+a};y=\frac{1}{1+b};z=\frac{1}{1+c}\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=1\)
ta có \(P=\frac{a+1}{\left(a+1\right)^2+1}+\frac{b+1}{\left(b+1\right)^2+1}+\frac{c+1}{\left(c+1\right)^2+1}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{x}}{\frac{1}{x^2}+1}+\frac{\frac{1}{y}}{\frac{1}{y^2}+1}+\frac{\frac{1}{z}}{\frac{1}{z^2}+1}=\frac{x}{x^2+1}+\frac{y}{y^2+1}+\frac{z}{z^2+1}\)
\(=\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{y}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}+\frac{z}{\left(z+y\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(z+x\right)+z\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}=\frac{2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}\)
mà \(9\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\ge8\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+z+zx\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\ge6xyz\)(đúng vì theo BĐT Cosi)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{2}{\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\le\frac{9}{4\sqrt{3}}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
(vì \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=3\))
Vậy \(P_{max}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\Rightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}-1\)
Đặt \(\frac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}=A,\frac{c^2+a^2-b^2}{2ac}=B;\frac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}=C.\)
Theo giả thiết : \(A+B+C=1\)
Suy ra \(S=\left(A-1\right)+\left(B-1\right)+\left(C+1\right)=0\)
\(A-1=\frac{\left(b-c-a\right)\left(b-c+a\right)}{2bc};\)
\(B-1=\frac{\left(a-c-b\right)\left(a-c+b\right)}{2ac};\)
\(C+1=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{2ab}\)
\(S=\frac{a+b-c}{2abc}\left[c\left(a+b+c\right)+b\left(a-c-b\right)+a\left(b-c-a\right)\right]\)
\(S=0\Rightarrow\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)=0\)
Có 3 khả năng xảy ra :
TH1 : \(a+b-c=0\Rightarrow A-1=B-1=C+1=0\left(đpcm\right)\)
TH2 :
\(b+c-a=0\).Ta xét : \(A+1=B-1=C-1=0\left(đpcm\right)\)
TH3:
\(c+a-b=0\). Ta xét : \(S=\left(A-1\right)+\left(B+1\right)+\left(C-1\right)=0\)
và \(\Rightarrow A-1=B+1=C-1=0\left(đpcm\right)\)
3.
\(5a^2+2ab+2b^2=\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(4a^2+4ab+b^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(2a+b\right)^2\ge\left(2a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}\ge2a+b\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}}\le\frac{1}{2a+b}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5b^2+2bc+2c^2}}\le\frac{1}{2b+c};\frac{1}{\sqrt{5c^2+2ca+2a^2}}\le\frac{1}{2c+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2a+b}+\frac{1}{2b+c}+\frac{1}{2c+a}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le\frac{1}{3}.\sqrt{3\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow MaxP=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
We have :
\(A=\frac{-2a}{2ab+2a+1}-\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{-2ac-c-1}\)
\(=\frac{-2a}{2ab+2a+2abc}-\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{-2abc-bc-b}\)(\(abc=\frac{1}{2}\))
\(=\frac{-2a}{2a\left(bc+b+1\right)}-\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{-\frac{2.1}{2}-bc-b}\)(\(abc=\frac{1}{2}\))
\(=\frac{-1}{bc+b+1}-\frac{b}{bc+b+1}-\frac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(=\frac{-bc-b-1}{bc+b+1}=-1\)
The value of A is - 1 because \(abc=\frac{1}{2}\)