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a) \(A=4x^2-12x+100=\left(2x\right)^2-12x+3^2+91=\left(2x-3\right)^2+91\)
Ta có: \(\left(2x-3\right)^2\ge0\forall x\inℤ\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x-3\right)^2+91\ge91\)
hay A \(\ge91\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left(2x-3\right)^2=0\)
<=> 2x-3=0
<=> 2x=3
<=> \(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy Min A=91 đạt được khi \(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
b) \(B=-x^2-x+1=-\left(x^2+x-1\right)=-\left(x^2+x+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{5}{4}\right)=-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\)
Ta có: \(-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\le0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\le\frac{5}{4}\) hay B\(\le\frac{5}{4}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+\frac{1}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
Vậy Max B=\(\frac{5}{4}\)đạt được khi \(x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
\(C=2x^2+2xy+y^2-2x+2y+2\)
\(C=x^2+2x\left(y-1\right)+\left(y-1\right)^2+x^2+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow C=\left(x+y-1\right)^2+x^2+1\)
Ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\inℤ\\x^2\ge0\forall x\inℤ\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-1\right)^2+x^2+1\ge1\)
hay C\(\ge\)1
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y-1\right)^2=0\\x^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=1\\x=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}y=1\\x=0\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy Min C=1 đạt được khi y=1 và x=0
\(A=x^2-6x+10\)
\(=x^2-6x+9+1\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)^2+1\)
\(\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+1\ge1>0\)
Vậy A > 0 với mọi x.
\(B=x^2-2xy+y^2+1\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+1\)
\(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+1\ge1>0\)
Vậy B > 0 với mọi x, y.
\(M=x^2-6x+12\)
\(=x^2-6x+9+3\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)^2+3\)
\(\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+3\ge3\)
\(MinB=3\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
\(\left(x+3\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)-2\left(x-1\right)^2=7\)
\(x^2+6x+9+x^2-4-2\left(x^2-2x+1\right)=7\)
\(2x^2+6x+5-2x^2+4x-2=7\)
\(10x=7+3\)
\(10x=10\)
\(x=1\)
\(x^2+x=0\)
\(x\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=0\\x+1=0\end{array}\right.\)
\(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=0\\x=-1\end{array}\right.\)
\(x^3-\frac{1}{4}x=0\)
\(x\left(x^2-\frac{1}{4}\right)=0\)
\(x\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)=0\)
\(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=0\\x-\frac{1}{2}=0\\x+\frac{1}{2}=0\end{array}\right.\)
\(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=0\\x=\frac{1}{2}\\x=-\frac{1}{2}\end{array}\right.\)
\(\left(x+10\right)^2-\left(x^2+2x\right)\)
\(=x^2+20x+100-x^2-2x\)
\(=18x+100\)
\(\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)+\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)-x\left(x^2+x\right)\)
\(=x^2-4+x^3-1-x^3-x^2\)
\(=-5\)
\(A=4x^2+4x+11\)
\(=\left(4x^2+4x+1\right)+10\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\)
Min A = 10 khi: 2x + 1 = 0
<=> x = -1/2
Bài 4 :
Thay x=y+5 , ta có :
a ) ( y+5)*(y5+2)+y*(y-2)-2y*(y+5)+65
=(y+5)*(y+7)+y^2-2y-2y^2-10y+65
=y^2+7y+5y+35-y^2-2y-2y^2-10y+65
= 100
Bài 5 :
A = 15x-23y
B = 2x-3y
Ta có : A-B
= ( 15x -23y)-(2x-3y)
=15x-23y-2x-3y
=13x-26y
=13x*(x-2y) chia hết cho 13
=> Nếu A chia hết cho 13 thì B chia hết cho 13 và ngược lại
2)
\(A=2x^2+2x+y^2-2xy=x^2-2xy+y^2+x^2+2x+1-1\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2-1\ge-1\)
Dấu \(=\)khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=0\\x+1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=y=-1\).
Vậy GTNN của \(A\)là \(-1\)đạt tại \(x=y=-1\).
\(B=2a^2+b^2+c^2-ab+ac+bc\)
\(2B=4a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab+2ac+2bc\)
\(=a^2-2ab+b^2+a^2+2ac+c^2+b^2+2bc+c^2+2a^2\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+2a^2\ge0\)
Dấu \(=\)khi \(a=b=c=0\).
Vậy GTNN của \(B\)là \(0\)đạt tại \(a=b=c=0\).
1.
a) \(2x^2+2x+1=x^2+x^2+2x+1=x^2+\left(x+1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=0\\x+1=0\end{cases}}\)(vô nghiệm)
suy ra đpcm
b) \(x^2+y^2+2xy+2y+2x+2=\left(x+y\right)^2+2\left(x+y\right)+1+1=\left(x+y+1\right)^2+1>0\)
c) \(3x^2-2x+1+y^2-2xy+1=x^2-2xy+y^2+x^2-2x+1+x^2+1\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+x^2+1>0\)
d) \(3x^2+y^2+10x-2xy+26=x^2-2xy+y^2+x^2+10x+25+x^2+1\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x+5\right)^2+x^2+1>0\)
b) \(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\left(a,b,c\ne0\right)\).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si cho 2 số dương (vì \(a,b,c\ne0\)), ta được:
\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b^2}.\frac{b^2}{c^2}}=\frac{2a}{c}\left(1\right)\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{b^2}{c^2}\Leftrightarrow a^2c^2=b^4\Leftrightarrow b^2=ac\).
Chứng minh tương tự, ta dược:
\(\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{2b}{a}\left(2\right)\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow c^2=ab\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(\frac{c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2}{b^2}\ge\frac{2c}{b}\left(3\right)\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a^2=bc\).
Từ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\), ta được:
\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2}{b^2}\ge\frac{2a}{c}+\frac{2b}{a}+\frac{2c}{b}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra.
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2=bc\\b^2=ca\\c^2=ab\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\left(a,b,c\ne0\right)\).
Vậy \(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\).
\(A=\frac{x^2+y^2}{x^2+2xy+y^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=\frac{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{2\left(x+y\right)^2}\left(ĐKXĐ:x\ne-y\right)\).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si cho 2 số không âm, ta được:
\(x^2+y^2\ge2\sqrt{x^2.y^2}=2xy\).
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+x^2+y^2\ge2xy+x^2+y^2\).
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\).
Do đó
\(A\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2\left(x+y\right)^2}=\frac{1}{2}\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y\).
Vậy \(minA=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y\).