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Nhân cả 2 vế với a+b+c
Chứng minh \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\) tương tự với \(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b};\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}-2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2-2ab+b^2}{ab}\ge0\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab}\ge0\)luôn đúng do a;b>0
dễ rồi nhé
b) \(P=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}\)
\(P=\left(\frac{x+1}{x+1}+\frac{y+1}{y+1}+\frac{z+1}{z+1}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
\(P=\left(1+1+1\right)-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy Schwarz dạng Engel (mình nói bđt như vậy,chỗ này bạn cứ nói theo cái bđt đề bài cho đi) ta được:
\(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+1+y+1+z+1}=\frac{9}{4}\)
=>\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\le3-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
=>Pmax=3/4 <=> x=y=z=1/3
1)Áp dụng Bđt Am-Gm \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}\cdot\frac{b}{a}}=2\)
2)Áp dụng Am-Gm \(a^2+b^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2b^2}=2ab;b^2+c^2\ge2bc;a^2+c^2\ge2ca\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
=>ĐPcm
3)(a+b+c)2\(\ge\)3(ab+bc+ca)
=>a2+b2+c2+2ab+2bc+2ca\(\ge\)3ab+3bc+3ca
=>a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca\(\ge\)0
=>2a2+2b2+2c2-2ab-2bc-2ca\(\ge\)0
=>(a2-2ab+b2)+(b2-2bc+c2)+(c2-2ac+a2)\(\ge\)0
=>(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2\(\ge\)0
4)đề đúng \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{a-b}{c},\frac{b-c}{a},\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\rightarrow\left(x,y,z\right)\)
Khi đó:\(\left(\frac{c}{a-b},\frac{a}{b-c},\frac{b}{c-a}\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x},\frac{1}{y},\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3+\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{z+x}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}\)
Mặt khác:\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\left(\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}\)
\(=\frac{c\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab\left(a-b\right)}=\frac{c\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab}=\frac{2c^2}{ab}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự:\(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{2a^2}{bc}\left(2\right)\)
\(=\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{2b^2}{ac}\left(3\right)\)
Từ ( 1 );( 2 );( 3 ) ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2c^2}{ab}+\frac{2a^2}{bc}+\frac{2b^2}{ac}=3+\frac{2}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Ta có:\(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=-c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
Khi đó:\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2}{abc}\cdot3abc=9\)
1) Áp dụng bunhiacopxki ta được \(\sqrt{\left(2a^2+b^2\right)\left(2a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(2a^2+bc\right)^2}=2a^2+bc\), tương tự với các mẫu ta được vế trái \(\le\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le1< =>\)\(1-\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+1-\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+1-\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\le2< =>\)
\(\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)<=> \(\frac{b^2c^2}{2a^2bc+b^2c^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{2b^2ac+a^2c^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{2c^2ab+a^2b^2}\ge1\) (1)
áp dụng (x2 +y2 +z2)(m2+n2+p2) \(\ge\left(xm+yn+zp\right)^2\)
(2a2bc +b2c2 + 2b2ac+a2c2 + 2c2ab+a2b2). VT\(\ge\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2\) <=> (ab+bc+ca)2. VT \(\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2< =>VT\ge1\) ( vậy (1) đúng)
dấu '=' khi a=b=c
Bài 1 :
a) Ta có : \(\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy : \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\) , \(b+c\ge2\sqrt{bc}\) , \(c+a\ge2\sqrt{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge8abc\) hay \(\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)\ge8abc\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bu-nhi-a-cốp-ski, ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\frac{a}{\left(ac+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ca+c+1\right)^2}\right]\)
\(\ge\left(\frac{a}{ac+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\right)^2\) \(\left(1\right)\)
Lại có: \(\frac{a}{ac+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\)
\(=\frac{a}{ac+a+abc}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{abc+bc+b}\) ( Do abc=1 )
\(=\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(=1\) \(\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\frac{a}{\left(ac+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ca+c+1\right)^2}\right]\ge1\)
Mà \(a;b;c>0\Rightarrow a+b+c>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\left(ac+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ca+c+1\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{a+b+c}\) (đpcm)
Lần sau không tag là không giải nha:)
2)Chú ý: \(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\ge9abc\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge9abc\Rightarrow abc\le\frac{ab+bc+ca}{3}\) (thay giả thiết vào thôi)
Và BĐT: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\ge0\) (đúng)
Như vậy: \(P\ge\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\frac{3}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\frac{1}{ab+bc+ca}\right)+\frac{2}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\ge\frac{9}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\frac{2}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\ge\frac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+\frac{6}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{15}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{5}{3}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
1)Chú ý đẳng thức: \(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}-a-b-c\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{b}+\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{c}+\frac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{a}\)
Vậy ta quy bài toán về chứng minh:
\(\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{b}+\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{c}+\frac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{a}\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b+c\right)}\left(max\left(a-b\right)^2,\left(b-c\right)^2,\left(c-a\right)^2\right)\)
*Với trường hợp \(\left(a-b\right)^2=max\left\{\left(a-b\right)^2,\left(b-c\right)^2,\left(c-a\right)^2\right\}\). Ta cần chứng minh:
\(\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{b}+\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{c}+\frac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{a}\ge\frac{4\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{a+b+c}\right)\left(a-b\right)^2+\left[\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{c}+\frac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{a}\right]\ge0\)
Áp dụng BĐT Svacxo:
\(VT\ge\left(\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{a+b+c}\right)\left(a-b\right)^2+\frac{\left(b-c+c-a\right)^2}{c+a}\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c+a}-\frac{4}{a+b+c}\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\)\(=\frac{\left(a+c-b\right)^2\left(a-b\right)^2}{b\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}\ge0\)
Vậy BĐT đúng với trường hợp \(\left(a-b\right)^2=max\left\{\left(a-b\right)^2,\left(b-c\right)^2,\left(c-a\right)^2\right\}\)
Hai trường hợp còn lại:
+)\(\left(b-c\right)^2=max\left\{\left(a-b\right)^2,\left(b-c\right)^2,\left(c-a\right)^2\right\}\)
+)\(\left(c-a\right)^2=max\left\{\left(a-b\right)^2,\left(b-c\right)^2,\left(c-a\right)^2\right\}\)
Cách chứng minh tương tự, xin không trình bày ở đây vì rất dài.
P/s: Riêng bài này tui hok chắc. @Akai Haruma check giúp em với ạ!