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Bài 1:
a) \(\left(\dfrac{3}{8}+\dfrac{-3}{4}+\dfrac{7}{12}\right):\dfrac{5}{6}+\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{9}{24}+\dfrac{-18}{24}+\dfrac{14}{24}\right):\dfrac{5}{6}+\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{5}{24}:\dfrac{5}{6}+\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{5}{24}.\dfrac{6}{5}+\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{2}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
b) \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{3}{4}-\left(\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{4}{5}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{4}{5}\right)+\left(\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{4}{5}\)
\(=\dfrac{5}{10}+\dfrac{8}{10}\)
\(=\dfrac{9}{5}\)
c) \(6\dfrac{5}{12}:2\dfrac{3}{4}+11\dfrac{1}{4}.\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{5}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{77}{12}:\dfrac{11}{4}+\dfrac{42}{4}.\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{5}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{77}{12}.\dfrac{4}{11}+\dfrac{42}{4}.\left(\dfrac{5}{15}+\dfrac{3}{15}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{7}{3}+\dfrac{42}{4}.\dfrac{8}{15}\)
\(=\dfrac{7}{3}+\dfrac{14.2}{1.3}\)
\(=\dfrac{7}{3}+\dfrac{28}{3}\)
\(=\dfrac{35}{3}\)
d) \(\left(\dfrac{7}{8}-\dfrac{3}{4}\right).1\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{2}{7}.\left(3,5\right)^2\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{7}{8}-\dfrac{6}{8}\right).\dfrac{4}{3}-\dfrac{2}{7}.12\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{8}.\dfrac{4}{3}-\dfrac{2}{7}.\dfrac{49}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{7}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{21}{6}\)
\(=\dfrac{-10}{3}\)
e) \(\left(\dfrac{3}{5}+0,415-\dfrac{3}{200}\right).2\dfrac{2}{3}.0,25\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{3}{5}+\dfrac{83}{200}-\dfrac{3}{200}\right).\dfrac{8}{3}.\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{120}{200}+\dfrac{83}{200}-\dfrac{3}{200}\right).\dfrac{8}{3}.\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(=1.\dfrac{8}{3}.\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
f) \(\dfrac{5}{16}:0,125-\left(2\dfrac{1}{4}-0,6\right).\dfrac{10}{11}\)
\(=\dfrac{5}{16}:\dfrac{1}{8}-\left(\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{3}{5}\right).\dfrac{10}{11}\)
\(=\dfrac{5}{16}.\dfrac{8}{1}-\left(\dfrac{45}{20}-\dfrac{12}{20}\right).\dfrac{10}{11}\)
\(=\dfrac{5}{2}-\dfrac{33}{20}.\dfrac{10}{11}\)
\(=\dfrac{5}{2}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{2}=1\)
g) \(0,25:\left(10,3-9,8\right)-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}:\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{2}{1}-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{4}-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{-1}{4}\)
h) \(1\dfrac{13}{15}.0,75-\left(\dfrac{11}{20}+20\%\right):\dfrac{7}{3}\)
\(=\dfrac{28}{15}.\dfrac{3}{4}-\left(\dfrac{11}{20}+\dfrac{1}{5}\right):\dfrac{7}{3}\)
\(=\dfrac{7}{5}-\left(\dfrac{11}{20}+\dfrac{4}{20}\right):\dfrac{7}{3}\)
\(=\dfrac{7}{5}-\dfrac{3}{4}:\dfrac{7}{3}\)
\(=\dfrac{7}{5}-\dfrac{9}{28}\)
\(=\dfrac{196}{140}-\dfrac{45}{140}\)
\(=\dfrac{151}{140}\)
i) \(\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{2-0,75}\right).\left(0,2-\dfrac{2}{5}\right)}{\dfrac{5}{9}-1\dfrac{1}{12}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{1,25}\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{2}{5}\right)}{\dfrac{5}{9}-\dfrac{13}{12}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{1,25}.\dfrac{-1}{5}}{\dfrac{20}{36}-\dfrac{39}{36}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{-1}{6,25}}{\dfrac{-19}{36}}\)
k) \(\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{2}{7}-\dfrac{1}{14}}{-1-\dfrac{3}{7}+\dfrac{3}{28}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{2}{7}-\dfrac{2}{28}}{-\dfrac{3}{3}-\dfrac{3}{7}+\dfrac{3}{28}}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{28}\right)}{\left(-3\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{28}\right)}\)
\(=-\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(A=0,7.2\dfrac{2}{3}.20.0,375.\dfrac{5}{28}\)
\(A=\dfrac{7}{10}.\dfrac{8}{3}.20.\dfrac{3}{8}.\dfrac{5}{28}\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{7}{10}.\dfrac{5}{28}\right).\left(\dfrac{8}{3}.\dfrac{3}{8}\right).20\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{8}.1.20\)
\(A=\dfrac{20}{8}=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
\(B=\left(9\dfrac{30303}{80808}+7\dfrac{303030}{484848}\right)+4,03\)
\(B=\left(9\dfrac{3}{8}+7\dfrac{5}{8}\right)+4,03\)
\(B=\left[\left(9+7\right)+\left(\dfrac{3}{8}+\dfrac{5}{8}\right)\right]+4,03\)
\(B=\left(16+1\right)+4,03\)
\(B=17+4,03\)
\(B=21,03\)
\(C=\left(9,75.21\dfrac{3}{7}+\dfrac{39}{4}.18\dfrac{4}{7}\right).\dfrac{15}{78}\)
\(C=\left(\dfrac{39}{4}.\dfrac{150}{7}+\dfrac{39}{4}.\dfrac{130}{7}\right).\dfrac{15}{78}\)
\(C=\dfrac{39}{4}.\left(\dfrac{150}{7}+\dfrac{130}{7}\right).\dfrac{15}{78}\)
\(C=\dfrac{39}{4}.40.\dfrac{15}{78}\)
\(C=390.\dfrac{15}{78}\)
\(C=75\)
a) Đặt :
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{1}{3!}+\dfrac{1}{4!}+.................+\dfrac{1}{100!}\)
Ta thấy :
\(\dfrac{1}{2!}=\dfrac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3!}=\dfrac{1}{1.2.3}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{4!}=\dfrac{1}{1.2.3.4}< \dfrac{1}{3.4}\)
.....................................
\(\dfrac{1}{100!}=\dfrac{1}{1.2.3..........100}< \dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...........+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(A< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...........+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(A< 1-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(A< \dfrac{99}{100}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1\rightarrowđpcm\)
b) Đặt :
\(B=\dfrac{9}{10!}+\dfrac{9}{11!}+\dfrac{9}{12!}+.............+\dfrac{9}{1000!}\)
Ta thấy :
\(\dfrac{9}{10!}=\dfrac{10-1}{10!}=\dfrac{1}{9!}-\dfrac{1}{10!}\)
\(\dfrac{9}{11!}< \dfrac{11-1}{11!}=\dfrac{1}{10!}-\dfrac{1}{11!}\)
...................................................
\(\dfrac{9}{1000!}< \dfrac{1000-1}{1000!}=\dfrac{1}{999!}-\dfrac{1}{1000!}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \dfrac{1}{9!}-\dfrac{1}{10!}+\dfrac{1}{10!}-\dfrac{1}{11!}+............+\dfrac{1}{999!}-\dfrac{1}{1000!}\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{9!}-\dfrac{1}{1000!}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \dfrac{1}{9!}\rightarrowđpcm\)
~ Chúc bn học tốt ~
1)
a)
\(\dfrac{-21}{28}=\dfrac{\left(-21\right):7}{28:7}=\dfrac{-3}{4}\\ \dfrac{-39}{52}=\dfrac{\left(-39\right):13}{52:13}=\dfrac{-3}{4}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{-3}{4}=\dfrac{-3}{4}\) nên \(\dfrac{-21}{28}=\dfrac{-39}{52}\)
b)
\(\dfrac{-1717}{2323}=\dfrac{\left(-17\right)\cdot101}{23\cdot101}=\dfrac{-17}{23}\\ \dfrac{-171717}{232323}=\dfrac{\left(-17\right)\cdot10101}{23\cdot10101}=\dfrac{-17}{23}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{-17}{23}=\dfrac{-17}{23}\) nên \(\dfrac{-1717}{2323}=\dfrac{-171717}{232323}\)
2)
Theo tính chất cơ bản của phân số ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a\cdot m}{b\cdot m}\) mà \(m\ne n\)
nên không thể.
Trường hợp duy nhất là khi \(a=0\)
Khi đó: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{0}{b}=\dfrac{0\cdot m}{b\cdot n}=\dfrac{0}{b\cdot n}=0\)
3)
Gọi ƯCLN\(\left(12n+1,30n+2\right)\) là \(d\)
Ta có:
\(12n+1⋮d\\ \Rightarrow5\cdot\left(12n+1\right)⋮d\left(1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow60n+5⋮d\\ 30n+2⋮d\\ \Rightarrow2\cdot\left(30n+2\right)⋮d\\ \Leftrightarrow60n+4⋮d\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có:
\(\left(60n+5\right)-\left(60n+4\right)⋮d\\ \Leftrightarrow1⋮d\\ \Rightarrow d=1\)
Vậy ƯCLN\(\left(12n+1,30n+2\right)=1\)
Mà hai số có ƯCLN = 1 thì hai số đó nguyên tố cùng nhau và không có ước chung nào khác
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{12n+1}{30n+2}\)tối giản
a) \(\left(\dfrac{-3}{4}+\dfrac{2}{5}\right):\dfrac{3}{7}+\left(\dfrac{3}{5}+\dfrac{-9}{4}\right):\dfrac{3}{7}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{-3}{4}+\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{3}{5}+\dfrac{-9}{4}\right):\dfrac{3}{7}\)
\(=-2:\dfrac{3}{7}=\dfrac{-14}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{7}{8}:\left(\dfrac{2}{9}-\dfrac{1}{18}\right)+\dfrac{7}{8}:\left(\dfrac{1}{36}-\dfrac{5}{12}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{7}{8}:\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{7}{8}:\dfrac{-7}{18}\)
\(=\dfrac{7}{8}:\left(\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{-7}{18}\right)=\dfrac{7}{8}:\dfrac{-2}{9}=\dfrac{63}{-16}\)
Lời giải:
$\frac{a-x}{b-y}=\frac{a}{b}$
$\Rightarrow b(a-x)=a(b-y)$
$\Rightarrow ab-bx=ab-ay$
$\Rightarrow bx=ay$
$\Rightarrow \frac{a}{b}=\frac{x}{y}$
b: \(\Leftrightarrow x-10\left(\dfrac{2}{11\cdot13}+\dfrac{2}{13\cdot15}+...+\dfrac{2}{53\cdot55}\right)=\dfrac{3}{11}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-10\left(\dfrac{1}{11}-\dfrac{1}{13}+\dfrac{1}{13}-\dfrac{1}{15}+...+\dfrac{1}{53}-\dfrac{1}{55}\right)=\dfrac{3}{11}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-10\cdot\dfrac{4}{55}=\dfrac{3}{11}\)
=>x=3/11+20/55=3/11+4/11=7/11
c: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-1}{99}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-2}{98}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-5}{95}-1\right)=\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{98}+\dfrac{1}{95}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-100=1\)
hay x=101