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a.\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2mol\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,2 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,2.24,79=4,958l\)
b.\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{6,9}{23}=0,3mol\)
\(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
0,3 0,15 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,15.24,79=3,7185l\)
c.\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,05 0,075 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,075.24,79=1,85925l\)
nAl = 5.4 / 27 = 0.2 (mol)
2Al + 6HCl => 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0.2......0.6............0.2.......0.3
a) VH2 = 0.3 * 22.4 = 6.72 (l)
b) mAlCl3 = 0.2 * 133.5 = 26.7 (g)
c) VddHCl = 0.6 / 1.5 = 0.4 (l)
d) CMAlCl3 = 0.2 / 0.4 = 0.5 (M)
PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\m_{AlCl_3}=0,2\cdot133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\\V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{1,5}=0,4\left(l\right)=400\left(ml\right)\\C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 10:
- Giả sử có 100 gam dd H2SO4 98%
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.98}{100}=98\left(g\right)\) => \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{98}{98}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{dd.H_2SO_4.98\%}=\dfrac{100}{1,84}=\dfrac{1250}{23}\left(ml\right)=\dfrac{5}{92}\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(dd.H_2SO_4.98\%\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{5}{92}}=18,4M\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=18,4.0,05=0,92\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,92.98=90,16\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{dd.H_2SO_4.10\%}=\dfrac{90,16.100}{10}=901,6\left(g\right)\)
Bài 11:
a) Do dd sau pư có 3 chát tan với nồng độ % bằng nhau
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{ZnSO_4}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a----->1,5a------->0,5a----->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b----->b--------->b----->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5a=171a\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=161b\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 171a = 161b
=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{161}{171}\) (1)
Có: \(\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27.n_{Al}}{65.n_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27}{65}.\dfrac{161}{171}=\dfrac{483}{1235}\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=1,5a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{161}{825}\left(mol\right)\\b=\dfrac{57}{275}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{161}{825}.27+\dfrac{57}{275}.65=\dfrac{5154}{275}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5\dfrac{161}{825}=\dfrac{9177}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=98\left(1,5a+b\right)+\dfrac{9177}{275}=\dfrac{22652}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(y=\dfrac{\dfrac{22652}{275}.100}{10}=\dfrac{45304}{55}\left(g\right)\)
a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(l\right)=300\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\a, 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,3=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ b,m=m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{HCl}=\dfrac{6}{3}.0,3=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ V=V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(l\right)=300\left(ml\right)\)
a)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
0,2-->0,4----->0,2--->0,2
=> VH2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)
b) mHCl = 0,4.36,5 = 14,6 (g)
=> \(m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{14,6.100}{7,3}=200\left(g\right)\)
c)
mdd sau pư = 13 + 200 - 0,2.2 = 212,6 (g)
mZnCl2 = 0,2.136 = 27,2 (g)
=> \(C\%=\dfrac{27,2}{212,6}.100\%=12,8\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{3,25}{65}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,12.1=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
LTL: \(0,05< \dfrac{0,12}{2}\rightarrow\) HCl dư
Theo pthh: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
=> VH2 = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 (l)
Bài 3:
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45.1=0,45\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,45}{3}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{n_{Al}}{2}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{muối}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,1=34,2\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2:
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{3,25}{65}=0,05\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=0,12.1=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{0,12}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đkc\right)}=0,05.24,79=1,2395\left(l\right)\)