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\(n_{Na_2SO_3}=\dfrac{25,2}{126}=0,2(mol)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{250.7,3\%}{100\%.36,5}=0,5(mol)\\ PTHH:Na_2SO_3+2HCl\to 2NaCl+H_2O+SO_2\uparrow\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{Na_2SO_3}}{1}<\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\) nên \(HCl\) dư
\(a,n_{SO_2}=n_{Na_2SO_3}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)\)
\(b,\) Chất tan trong dd sau phản ứng là \(NaCl\)
\(c,n_{NaCl}=2n_{Na_2SO_3}=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{NaCl}=0,4.58,5=23,4(g)\)
Na2SO3+2HCl->2NaCl+H2O+SO2
0,201-------0,402------0,402---------------0.201
n Na2SO3=0,201 mol
m HCl=18,25 g
->n HCl=0,5 mol
=>HCl dư
=>VSO2=0,201.22,4=4,5024l
b)
mNaCl=\(\dfrac{0,402.58,5}{25,4+250-0,201.64}\).100=8,95%
m Hcl dư=\(\dfrac{0,098.36,5}{25,4+250-0,201.64}.100=1,36\%\)
Bài 14 :
\(a) n_{CuO} = \dfrac{8}{80} = 0,1(mol)\\ CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O\\ n_{HCl} = 2n_{CuO} = 0,2(mol)\\ m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,2.36,5}{7,3\%} = 100(gam)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : } CuCl_2\\ n_{CuCl_2} = n_{CuO} = 0,1(mol)\\ m_{CuCl_2} = 0,1.135 = 13,5(gam)\)
Bài 15 :
\(a) n_{Fe_2O_3} =\dfrac{4,8}{160} = 0,03(mol)\\ Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2SO_4 \to Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2O\\ n_{H_2SO_4} = 3n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,09(mol)\\ m_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,09.98}{9,8\%} = 90(gam)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : } Fe_2(SO_4)_3\\ n_{Fe_2(SO_4)_3} = n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,03(mol)\\ m_{Fe_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,03.400 = 12(gam)\)
\(a,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4}=200.19,6\%=39,2\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
bđ 0,3 0,4
pư 0,3 0,3
spư 0 0,1 0,3 0,3
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(b,m_{dd}=19,5+200-0,3.2=218,9\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,3.161}{218,9}.100\%=22,06\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{218,9}.100\%=4,48\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
a: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{52}{65}=0.8\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{HCl}=1.6\left(mol\right)\)
hay \(n_{H_2}=0.8\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.8\cdot22.4=17.92\left(lít\right)\)
b: \(m_{ZnCl_2}=0.8\cdot136=108.8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2}=0.8\cdot2=1.6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{52}{65}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,8.22,4=17,92\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.0,8=1,6\left(mol\right)\\ C1:m_{ZnCl_2}=0,8.136=108,8\left(g\right);m_{H_2}=0,8.2=1,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{thu.được}=m_{ZnCl_2}+m_{H_2}=108,8+1,6=110,4\left(g\right)\\ C2:m_{HCl}=1,6.36,5=58,4\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{thu.được}=m_{tham.gia}=m_{Zn}+m_{HCl}=52+58,4=110,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{8,125}{65}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=\dfrac{100.18,25}{100}=18,25\left(g\right)\\
n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\\ pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,125 0,125 (mol )
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(l\right)\\
\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{8,125}{8,125+18,25}.100\%=30,8\%\)
Bài 18:
Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{8,125}{65}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=100.18,25\%=18,25\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
a, PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
b, Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,125}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2}=0,125.2=0,25\left(g\right)\)
c, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Có: m dd sau pư = 8,125 + 100 - 0,25 = 107,875 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,125.136}{107,875}.100\%\approx15,76\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,25.36,5}{107,875}.100\%\approx8,46\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
Bài 19 :
\(a) n_{Al} = \dfrac{10,8}{27} = 0,4(mol)\\ 2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,6(mol)\\ V_{H_2} = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44(lít)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : }Al_2(SO_4)_3\\ n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al} = 0,2(mol)\\ m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,2.342 = 68,4(gam)\)
Bài 18 :
\(a) n_{HCl} = \dfrac{250.7,3\%}{36,5 } = 0,5(mol)\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,25(mol) \Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,25.22,4 = 5,6(lít)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : } ZnCl_2\\ n_{ZnCl_2} = n_{H_2} = 0,25(mol)\\ m_{ZnCl_2} = 0,25.136 = 34(gam)\)