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\(n_P=\dfrac{3,1}{31}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2mol\)
4P + 5O2 \(\underrightarrow{t^o}\) 2P2O5
\(\dfrac{0,1}{4}< \dfrac{0,2}{5}\) => O2 dư, Photpho đủ
\(n_{O_2}=0,2-0,04=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{P_2O_5}=\) 0,05 . 142 = 7,1 ( g )
\(1,2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2MgO\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CuO\)
\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(2,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(a,n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_C=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=13,2\left(g\right)\)
c, Vì\(\frac{0,3}{1}>\frac{0,2}{1}\)nên C phản ửng dư, O2 phản ứng hết, Bài toán tính theo O2
\(n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(3,PTHH:CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(C_2H_2+\frac{5}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+H_2O\)
\(C_2H_6O+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+3H_2O\)
\(4,a,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_P=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=38,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_C=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(n_{Al}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=60\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(TH_1:\left(đktc\right)n_{H_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=24\left(g\right)\)
\(TH_2:\left(đkt\right)n_{H_2}=1,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=22,4\left(g\right)\)
\(5,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=0,46875\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Vì\(0,46875>0,3\left(n_{O_2}>n_{SO_2}\right)\)nên S phản ứng hết, bài toán tính theo S.
\(a,\Rightarrow n_S=n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=9,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,16875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(6,a,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_C=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_C=18\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=1,5\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_S=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=48\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_P=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_P=37,2\left(g\right)\)
\(7,n_{O_2}=5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=112\left(l\right)\left(đktc\right)\);\(V_{O_2}=120\left(l\right)\left(đkt\right)\)
\(8,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(m_C=0,96\left(kg\right)\Rightarrow n_C=0,08\left(kmol\right)=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=1792\left(l\right)\)
\(9,n_p=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
Vì\(\frac{0,2}{4}< \frac{0,3}{5}\)nên P hết O2 dư, bài toán tính theo P.
\(a,n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=1,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_{P_2O_5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=14,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{hhkhí}=\dfrac{16,8}{22,4}=0,75\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi \(n_{SO_2}=a\left(mol\right)\left(0< a< 0,75\right)\)
\(\rightarrow n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,75-b\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{64a+32\left(0,75-a\right)}{0,75}=\dfrac{33,6}{1}=33,6\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(\rightarrow a=0,0375\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%V_{SO_2}=\dfrac{0,0375}{0,75}=5\%\\\%V_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=100\%-5\%=95\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
\(n_{O_2} = \dfrac{11,2}{22,4} = 0,5(mol)\\ 4P + 5O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2P_2O_5\\ n_P = \dfrac{4}{5}n_{O_2} = 0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_P = 0,4.31 = 12,4(gam)\)
b)
\(n_{P_2O_5} = \dfrac{2}{5}n_{O_2} = 0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5} = 0,2.142 = 28,4(gam)\)
c)
\(2KMnO_4 \xrightarrow{t^o} K_2MnO_4 + MnO_2 + O_2\\ n_{KMnO_4} = 2n_{O_2} = 0,5.2 = 1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4} = 1.158 = 158(gam)\)
nP = 2,48/31 = 0,08 (mol)
PTHH: 4P + 5O2 -> (t°) 2P2O5
Mol: 0,08 ---> 0,1 ---> 0,04
mP2O5 = 0,04 . 142 = 5,68 (g)
b) nO2 = 4/32 = 0,125 (mol)
So sánh: 0,125 > 0,1 => O2 dư
nO2 (dư) = 0,125 - 0,1 = 0,025 (mol)
mO2 (dư) = 0,025 . 32 = 0,8 (g)
\(a) n_P = \dfrac{18,6}{31} = 0,6(mol)\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{20,16}{22,4} = 0,9(mol)\\ 4P + 5O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2P_2O_5\\ \dfrac{n_P}{4} = 0,15 < \dfrac{n_{O_2}}{5} = 0,18 \to O_2\ dư\\ n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{5}{4}n_P = 0,75(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,9-0,75).32 = 4,8(gam)\\ b) n_{Fe} = \dfrac{56}{56} = 1(mol)\)
\(3Fe + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Fe_3O_4\\ \dfrac{n_{Fe}}{3} = \dfrac{1}{3}<\dfrac{n_{O_2}}{2} = 0,45\to Fe\ cháy\ hết.\\ c)\ 2KMnO_4 \xrightarrow{t^o} K_2MnO_4 + MnO_2 + O_2\\ n_{KMnO_4} = 2n_{O_2} = 0,9.2 = 1,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4} = 1,8.158 =284,4(gam)\)
Bài 14
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1.4}{22,4}=0,0625\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_P=\dfrac{2.5}{31}=0,0806451\left(mol\right)\)
4P + 5O2 ----to--->2P2O5
Xét tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0.0625}{5}< \dfrac{0.0806451}{4}\)
=> P ko cháy hết
bài 15
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3.36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi nFe = a ( mol ) và nS = b (mol )
PTHH :
S + O2 ---to---> SO2
3Fe + 2O2 ----to----> Fe3O4
Ta có 32b + 56a= 100
Theo PT : nS = nO2 = b (mol)
Theo PT : nO2 = 2/3 nFe = 2/3a ( mol)
=> 2/3a + b = 1,5
Từ những điều trên \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}56a+32b=100\\\dfrac{2}{3}a+b=1,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1,5\left(mol\right)\\b=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Fe}=1,5.56=84\left(g\right)\)
\(m_S=0,5.32=16\left(g\right)\)