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Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200}{1000}.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Mg+2HCl--->MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\left(1\right)\)
a. Theo PT(1): \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(lít\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b. \(PTHH:2NaOH+MgCl_2--->Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\left(2\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{\dfrac{20\%.100}{100\%}}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,5}{2}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\)
Vậy NaOH dư.
Theo PT(2): \(n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2.58=11,6\left(g\right)\)
a: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
200ml=0,2 lít
\(n_{HCl}=0.2\cdot22.4=4.48\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{H_2}=2.24\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m_{H_2}=n_{H_2}\cdot M=2.24\cdot1=2.24\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{MgCl_2}=2.24\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{Mg}=2.24\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m_{Mg}=2.24\cdot24=53.76\left(g\right)\)
Ta có nH2SO4 = 0,2 . 1,5 = 0,3 ( mol )
nBa(OH)2 = 0,3 . 0,8 = 0,24 ( mol )
H2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 → BaSO4 + 2H2O
0,3...........0,24
⇒Lập tỉ số 0,3/1:0,24/1 = 0,3 > 0,24
⇒Sau phản ứng H2SO4 dư , Ba(OH)2 hết
⇒mBaSO4 = 0,24 . 233 = 55,92 ( gam )
⇒nH2SO4 dư = 0,3 - 0,24 = 0,06 ( mol )
⇒CM H2SO4 dư = 0,06 : 0,5 = 0,12 M
1) \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,78}{78}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6NaOH\rightarrow3Na_2SO_4+2Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
0,03<----------------------0,01
=> nNaOH min = 0,03 (mol)
=> \(C_{M\left(NaOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,03}{0,2}=0,15M\)
2) \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{5,1}{102}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,3.0,25=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(6NaOH+Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\rightarrow3Na_2SO_4+2Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
0,45<------0,075-------------------------->0,15
\(NaOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)
0,05<----0,05
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{t^o}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
0,1<-------0,05
=> nNaOH max = 0,5 (mol)
=> \(V_{dd}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)=250\left(ml\right)\)
3)
\(n_{KOH\left(1\right)}=0,15.1,2=0,18\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{4,68}{78}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{AlCl_3}=0,1.x\left(mol\right)\)
Do khi cho KOH tác dụng với dd Y xuất hiện kết tủa
=> Trong Y chứa AlCl3 dư
PTHH: \(3KOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow3KCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
0,18---->0,06----------------->0,06
\(n_{KOH\left(2\right)}=0,175.1,2=0,21\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{2,34}{78}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(3KOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow3KCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
(0,3x-0,18)<--(0,1x-0,06)------->(0,1x-0,06)
\(KOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow KAlO_2+2H_2O\)
(0,1x-0,09)<-(0,1x-0,09)
=> \(\left(0,3x-0,18\right)+\left(0,1x-0,09\right)=0,21\)
=> x = 1,2
a) nCH3COOH= 0,4(mol)
PTHH: CH3COOH + NaOH -> CH3COONa + H2O
0,4____________0,4(mol)
=> mNaOH=0,4. 40=16(g)
b) nCH3COOH= 1(mol)
nC2H5OH= 100/46= 50/23(mol)
Vì : 1/1< 50/23 :1
=> C2H5OH dư, CH3COOH hết, tính theo nCH3COOH.
PTHH: CH3COOH + C2H5OH \(⇌\) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (đk: H+ , nhiệt độ)
Ta có: nCH3COOC2H5(thực tế)= 0,625(mol)
Mà theo LT: nCH3COOC2H5(LT)= nCH3COOH=1(mol)
=>H= (0,625/1).100=62,5%
Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
____0,1______0,2_____0,1____0,1 (mol)
a, \(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,15}=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(M\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
b, \(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{FeCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(l\right)\)
Đặt hóa trị của M là x(x>0)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,8}{32}=0,15(mol)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15(mol)\\ a,PTHH:4M+xO_2\xrightarrow{t^o}2M_2O_x\\ 2M+2xHCl\to 2MCl_x+xH_2\\ \Rightarrow \Sigma n_{M}=\dfrac{0,6}{x}+\dfrac{0,3}{x}=\dfrac{0,9}{x}\\ \Rightarrow M_{M}=\dfrac{8,1}{\dfrac{0,9}{x}}=9x(g/mol)\\ \text {Thay }x=3 \Rightarrow M_{M}=27(g/mol)\\ \text {Vậy M là nhôm (Al)}\)
\(b,\text {Dung dịch B là }AlCl_3\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,3(mol)\\ n_{Al(OH)_3}=\dfrac{15,6}{78}=0,2(mol)\\ PTHH:3NaOH+AlCl_3\to Al(OH)_3\downarrow +3NaCl\\ \text {Vì }\dfrac{n_{AlCl_3}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{Al(OH)_3}}{1} \text {nên } AlCl_3 \text { dư}\\ \Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=3n_{Al(OH)_3}=0,6(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{NaOH}}=0,6.2=1,2(l)\)