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a) \(x^2+6x-3\)
\(=x^2+6x+9-12\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)^2-12\ge-12\)
Vậy GTNN của bt là -12\(\Leftrightarrow x+3=0\Leftrightarrow x=-3\)
Câu 1:
a: \(C=a^2+b^2=\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab=23^2-2\cdot132=265\)
b: \(D=x^3+y^3+3xy\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+3xy\)
\(=1-3xy+3xy=1\)
\(1,a,A=x^2-6x+25\)
\(=x^2-2.x.3+9-9+25\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)^2+16\)
Ta có :
\(\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\)Với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+16\ge16\)
Hay \(A\ge16\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
BÀI 1:
\(A=\left(x-10\right)^2+103\)
Có: \(\left(x-10\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
=> \(A\ge103\)
DẤU "=" XẢY RA <=> \(\left(x-10\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=10\)
\(B=\left(2x+1\right)^2-6\)
Có: \(\left(2x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
=> \(B\ge-6\)
DẤU "=" XẢY RA <=> \(\left(2x+1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{2}\)
BÀI 3:
a) \(A=y^4+y^3-y^2-2y-\left(y^4+y^3+y^2-2y^2-2y-2\right)\)
\(A=y^4+y^3-y^2-2y-y^4-y^3+y^2+2y+2\)
\(A=2\)
b) \(B=\left(2x\right)^3+3^3-8x^3+2\)
\(B=29\)
Bài 1.
A = x2 - 20x + 103
A = ( x2 - 20x + 100 ) + 3
A = ( x - 10 )2 + 3 ≥ 3 ∀ x
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x - 10 = 0 => x = 10
=> MinA = 3 <=> x = 10
B = 4x2 + 4x - 5
B = ( 4x2 + 4x + 1 ) - 6
B = ( 2x + 1 )2 - 6 ≥ -6 ∀ x
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> 2x + 1 = 0 => x = -1/2
=> MinB = -6 <=> x = -1/2
Bài 2.
A = -x2 + 8x - 21
A = -x2 + 8x - 16 - 5
A = -( x2 - 8x + 16 ) - 5
A = -( x - 4 )2 - 5 ≤ -5 ∀ x
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x - 4 = 0 => x = 4
=> MaxA = -5 <=> x = 4
B = lỗi đề :>
Bài 3.
a) y( y3 + y2 - y - 2 ) - ( y2 - 2 )( y2 + y + 1 )
= y4 + y3 - y2 - 2y - ( y4 + y3 + y2 - 2y2 - 2y - 2 )
= y4 + y3 - y2 - 2y - y4 - y3 - y2 + 2y2 + 2y + 2
= 2 ( đpcm )
b) ( 2x + 3 )( 4x2 - 6x + 9 ) - 2( 4x3 - 1 )
= ( 2x )3 + 27 - 8x3 + 2
= 8x3 + 27 - 8x3 + 2
= 29 ( đpcm )
mk gợi ý, phần còn lại tự làm
a) \(A=x^2+2x+5=\left(x+1\right)^2+4\ge4\)
b) \(B=4x^2+4x+11=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\)
c) \(\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\)
d) \(D=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+7=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2\ge2\)
e) \(E=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
a) A = x2 + 2x + 5
= x2 + 2x + 1 + 4
= ( x + 1 )2 + 4
Nhận xét :
( x + 1 )2 > 0 với mọi x
=> ( x + 1 )2 + 4 > 4
=> A > 4
=> A min = 4
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi : ( x + 1 )2 = 0
=> x + 1 = 0
=> x = - 1
Vậy A min = 4 khi x = - 1
b) B = 4x2 + 4x + 11
= ( 2x )2 + 4x + 1 + 10
= ( 2x + 1 )2 + 10
Nhận xét :
( 2x + 1 )2 > 0 với mọi x
=> ( 2x + 1 )2 + 10 > 10
=> B > 10
=> B min = 10
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi : ( 2x + 1 )2 = 0
=> 2x + 1 = 0
=> x = \(\frac{-1}{2}\)
Vậy Bmin = 10 khi x = \(\frac{-1}{2}\)
c) C = ( x - 1 ) ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) ( x + 6 )
= [ ( x - 1 ) ( x + 6 ) ] [ ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) ]
= ( x2 + 5x - 6 ) ( x2 + 5x + 6 )
= ( x2 + 5x ) 2 - 62
= ( x2 + 5x )2 - 36
Nhận xét :
( x2 + 5x )2 > 0 với mọi x
=> ( x2 + 5x )2 - 36 > - 36
=> C > - 36
=> C min = - 36
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi : ( x2 + 5x )2 = 0
=> x2 + 5x = 0
=> x ( x + 5 ) = 0
=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x+5=0\end{cases}}\)
=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=-5\end{cases}}\)
Vậy C min = - 36 khi x = 0 hoặc x = - 5
d) D = x2 - 2x + y2 - 4y + 7
= ( x2 - 2x + 1 ) + ( y2 - 4x + 4 ) + 2
= ( x - 1 )2 + ( y - 2 )2 + 2
Nhận xét :
( x - 1 )2 > 0 với mọi x
( y - 2 )2 > 0 với mọi y
=> ( x - 1 )2 + ( y - 2 )2 > 0
=> ( x - 1 )2 + ( y - 2 )2 + 2 > 2
=> D > 2
=> D min = 2
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(y-2\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\)
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\y-2=0\end{cases}}\)
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\end{cases}}\)
Vậy D min = 2 khi x = 1 và y = 2
a: \(A=2x^2-2xy-y^2+2xy=2x^2-y^2\)
\(=2\cdot\dfrac{4}{9}-\dfrac{1}{9}=\dfrac{7}{9}\)
b: \(B=5x^2-20xy-4y^2+20xy=5x^2-4y^2\)
\(=5\cdot\dfrac{1}{25}-4\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}\)
=1/5-1=-4/5
c \(C=x^3+6x^2+12x+8=\left(x+2\right)^3=\left(-9\right)^3=-729\)
d: \(D=20x^3-10x^2+5x-20x^2+10x+4\)
\(=20x^3-30x^2+15x+4\)
\(=20\cdot5^3-30\cdot5^2+15\cdot2+4=1784\)
a/ \(3x+3y-4x-4y=3\left(x+y\right)-4\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(3-4\right)=-1\left(x+y\right)\)
b/ \(7x\left(x-y\right)-\left(y-x\right)=7x\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(7x+1\right)\)
c/ \(5x\left(1-x\right)+\left(x-1\right)=5x\left(1-x\right)-\left(1-x\right)=\left(1-x\right)\left(5x-1\right)\)
d/ \(4x\left(x-y\right)+3\left(x-y\right)^2=\left(x-y\right)\left(4x+3x-3y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(7x-3y\right)\)
e/ \(4x\left(x-y\right)+3\left(y-x\right)^2=4x\left(x-y\right)+3\left(x-y\right)^2=\left(x-y\right)\left(4x+3x-3y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(7x-3y\right)\)
g/ \(x^2+8x+7=x^2+x+7x+7=x\left(x+1\right)+7\left(x+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+7\right)\)
h/ \(x^2-6x-16=x^2+2x-8x-16=x\left(x+2\right)-8\left(x+2\right)=\left(x+2\right)\left(x-8\right)\)
i/ \(4x^2-8x+3=4x^2-2x-6x+3=2x\left(2x-1\right)-3\left(2x-1\right)=\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x-3\right)\)
k/ \(3x^2-11x+6=3x^2-9x-2x+6=3x\left(x-3\right)-2\left(x-3\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(3x-2\right)\)
Bài 3:
a) ta có: \(A=x^2+4x+9\)
\(=x^2+4x+4+5=\left(x+2\right)^2+5\)
Ta có: \(\left(x+2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2\right)^2+5\ge5\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi
\(\left(x+2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x+2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)
Vậy: GTNN của đa thức \(A=x^2+4x+9\) là 5 khi x=-2
b) Ta có: \(B=2x^2-20x+53\)
\(=2\left(x^2-10x+\frac{53}{2}\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2-10x+25+\frac{3}{2}\right)\)
\(=2\left[\left(x-5\right)^2+\frac{3}{2}\right]\)
\(=2\left(x-5\right)^2+2\cdot\frac{3}{2}\)
\(=2\left(x-5\right)^2+3\)
Ta có: \(\left(x-5\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x-5\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x-5\right)^2+3\ge3\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi
\(2\left(x-5\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x-5=0\Leftrightarrow x=5\)
Vậy: GTNN của đa thức \(B=2x^2-20x+53\) là 3 khi x=5
c) Ta có : \(M=1+6x-x^2\)
\(=-x^2+6x+1\)
\(=-\left(x^2-6x-1\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2-6x+9-10\right)\)
\(=-\left[\left(x-3\right)^2-10\right]\)
\(=-\left(x-3\right)^2+10\)
Ta có: \(\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-3\right)^2\le0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-3\right)^2+10\le10\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi
\(-\left(x-3\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x-3=0\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
Vậy: GTLN của đa thức \(M=1+6x-x^2\) là 10 khi x=3
Bài 2:
a) \(\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x^2-y^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-y\right).\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right).\left(x+y+x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right).2x\)
c) \(x^2-2xy+y^2-z^2+2zt-t^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-\left(z^2-2zt+t^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(z-t\right)^2\)
\(=\left[x-y-\left(z-t\right)\right].\left(x-y+z-t\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y-z+t\right).\left(x-y+z-t\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt!