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Do M là trung điểm BC nên: \(\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
Tương tự: \(\overrightarrow{BN}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}\) ; \(\overrightarrow{CP}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CB}\)
Cộng vế:
\(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{BN}+\overrightarrow{CP}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CB}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BA}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CA}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)=\overrightarrow{0}\)
b. Từ câu a ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{BN}+\overrightarrow{CP}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{AO}+\overrightarrow{OM}+\overrightarrow{BO}+\overrightarrow{ON}+\overrightarrow{CO}+\overrightarrow{OP}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\overrightarrow{OA}+\overrightarrow{OM}-\overrightarrow{OB}+\overrightarrow{ON}-\overrightarrow{OC}+\overrightarrow{OP}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{OA}+\overrightarrow{OB}+\overrightarrow{OC}=\overrightarrow{OM}+\overrightarrow{ON}+\overrightarrow{OP}\) (đpcm)
Câu 4:
Áp dụng định lý Pytago
\(BC^2=AB^2+AC^2\Rightarrow BC=2\)
Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{CA}.\overrightarrow{BC}=-\overrightarrow{CA}.\overrightarrow{CB}=-\dfrac{CA^2+CB^2-AB^2}{2}=-\dfrac{2+4-2}{2}=-2\)
Câu 5:
Gọi M là trung điểm BC
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
Mà: \(\overrightarrow{AG}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
Câu 6:
\(\left|\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right|=3\)
\(a^2+b^2-2\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=9\)
\(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=\dfrac{1^2+2^2-9}{2}=-2\)
Câu 7:
\(\left|\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{CD}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{CD}\right|\)
\(=\left|\overrightarrow{DB}-\overrightarrow{DC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{CB}\right|=BC=a\)
a) Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BM}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AB}+k\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AB}+k\left(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\)
\(=\left(1-k\right)\overrightarrow{AB}+k\overrightarrow{AC}\)
b) \(\overrightarrow{NP}=\overrightarrow{AP}-\overrightarrow{AN}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
Để \(AM\perp NP\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}.\overrightarrow{NP}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[\left(1-k\right)\overrightarrow{AB}+k\overrightarrow{AC}\right]\left(-\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3\left(k-1\right)}{4}AB^2+\dfrac{2k}{3}AC^2+\dfrac{2\left(1-k\right)}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{3k}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3\left(k-1\right)}{4}AB^2+\dfrac{2k}{3}AB^2+\dfrac{1-k}{3}AB^2-\dfrac{3k}{8}AB^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow AB^2\left[\dfrac{3\left(k-1\right)}{4}+\dfrac{2k}{3}+\dfrac{1-k}{3}-\dfrac{3k}{8}\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow18\left(k-1\right)+16k+8\left(1-k\right)-9k=0\left(AB>0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow17k=10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow k=\dfrac{10}{17}\)
Lời giải:
** Điểm G không có vai trò gì trong bài toán
\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\overrightarrow{BD}+\overrightarrow{DI}=(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BC})+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{DC}\)
\(=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AD}-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
1.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BC}=2\overrightarrow{BN}\\\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}=2\overrightarrow{CP}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}=2\overrightarrow{BN}\\\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{CB}=2\overrightarrow{CP}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{BC}=-2\overrightarrow{BN}\\\overrightarrow{AB}+2\overrightarrow{BC}=-2\overrightarrow{CP}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\overrightarrow{AB}-2\overrightarrow{BC}=-4\overrightarrow{BN}\\\overrightarrow{AB}+2\overrightarrow{BC}=-2\overrightarrow{CP}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow3\overrightarrow{AB}=-4\overrightarrow{BN}-2\overrightarrow{CP}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AB}=-\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{BN}-\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{CP}\)
2.
\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{DI}\)
\(=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{DC}\)
\(=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BI}=-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AG}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BG}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BI}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\left(-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AG}=\frac{5}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}\)