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2a)với a,b,c là các số thực ta có
\(a^2-ab+b^2=\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}\ge\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}=\frac{1}{2}\left|a+b\right|\)
tương tự \(\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left|b+c\right|\)
tương tự \(\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left|a+c\right|\)
cộng từng vế mỗi BĐT ta được \(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=a+b+c\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c
Ta có :
\(\left(1.x+9.\frac{1}{y}\right)^2\le\left(1^2+9^2\right)\left(x^2+\frac{1}{y^2}\right)\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+\frac{1}{y^2}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left(x+\frac{9}{y}\right)\)
tương tự : \(\sqrt{y^2+\frac{1}{z^2}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}.\left(y+\frac{9}{z}\right)\); \(\sqrt{z^2+\frac{1}{x^2}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}.\left(z+\frac{9}{x}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+\frac{1}{y^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\frac{1}{z^2}}+\sqrt{z^2+\frac{1}{x^2}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left(x+y+z+\frac{9}{x}+\frac{9}{y}+\frac{9}{z}\right)\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left(x+y+z+\frac{81}{x+y+z}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left[\left(x+y+z+\frac{1}{x+y+z}\right)+\frac{80}{x+y+z}\right]\ge\sqrt{82}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si dạng Engel,ta có :
\(\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}}\)
Mà \(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}\le x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = y = z = \(\frac{3}{2}\)
Gọi \(\overrightarrow{1a}=\left(x;\frac{1}{x}\right);\overrightarrow{b}=\left(y;\frac{1}{y}\right);\overrightarrow{c}=\left(z;\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\sqrt{x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\frac{1}{y^2}}+\sqrt{z^2+\frac{1}{z^2}}=\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{c}\right|\)
\(\ge\left|\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{c}\right|=\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)\(\ge\sqrt{1^2+\frac{9^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{1+81}=\sqrt{82}\)
Áp dụng BDT MInkopki
VT\(\ge\)\(\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)\(\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{81}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}=\sqrt{82}\)
BDT minkopki
\(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{c^2+d^2}+\sqrt{e^2+f^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+c+e\right)^2+\left(b+d+f\right)^2}\)
\(A=\sqrt{x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\frac{1}{y^2}}+\sqrt{z^2+\frac{1}{z^2}}\)
Áp dụng Bđt MIncopxki ta có:
\(A\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{81}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{1}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}+\frac{80}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{2+80}=\sqrt{82}\)
Dấu = khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
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