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a) Gọi q là công sai của cấp số nhân. Ta có: \(a;b=aq;c=aq^2\).
\(a^2b^2c^2\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}\right)=\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a}+\dfrac{a^2c^2}{b}+\dfrac{a^2b^2}{c}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a.q\right)^2\left(a.q^2\right)^2}{a}+\dfrac{a^2\left(aq^2\right)^2}{aq}+\dfrac{a^2\left(aq\right)^2}{aq^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2q^2a^2q^4}{a}+\dfrac{a^2a^2q^4}{aq}+\dfrac{a^2a^2q^2}{aq^2}\)
\(=a^3q^6+a^3q^3+a^3\)
\(=\left(a^2q\right)^3+\left(aq\right)^3+a^3\)
\(=c^3+b^3+a^3=a^3+b^3+c^3\).
b) Gọi q là công bội của của cấp số nhân.
Ta có: \(a;b=aq;c=aq^2;d=aq^3\).
\(\left(ab+bc+cd\right)^2=\left(a.aq+aq.aq^2+aq^2.aq^3\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a^2q+a^2q^3+a^2q^5\right)^2=a^4q^2\left(1+q^2+q^4\right)^2\). (1)
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2+d^2\right)\)\(=\left(a^2+a^2q^2+a^2q^4\right)\left(a^2q^2+a^2q^4+a^2q^6\right)\)
\(=a^2\left(1+q^2+q^4\right)a^2q^2\left(1+q^2+q^4\right)\)
\(=a^4q^2\left(1+q^2+q^4\right)^2\). (2)
So sánh (1) và (2) ta có điều phải chứng minh.
1: \(Q=\dfrac{ab\left(a-b\right)}{ab}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}=\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2=a+2\sqrt{ab}+b\)
2: \(=\dfrac{-1+\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{9}-...-\sqrt{2001}+\sqrt{2005}}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{2005}-1}{4}\)
Ta chứng minh BĐT sau cho các số dương:
\(x^5+y^5\ge xy\left(x^3+y^3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^5-x^4y+y^5-xy^4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^4-y^4\right)\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge0\) (đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{a^5+b^5}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{ab\left(a^3+b^3\right)}{ab\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{a+b}=a^2-ab+b^2\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=2-\left(ab+ca+ca\right)\)
\(VT\ge4-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2\)
\(VT\ge4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2\) (đpcm)
\(3=ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}\Rightarrow abc\le1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+a\left(ab+ac\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+a\left(3-bc\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+3a-abc}=\dfrac{1}{3a+\left(1-abc\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{3a}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{3a}+\dfrac{1}{3b}+\dfrac{1}{3c}=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3abc}=\dfrac{3}{3abc}=\dfrac{1}{abc}\)
a) \(x=-45^0+k90^0,k\in\mathbb{Z}\)
b) \(x=-\dfrac{\pi}{6}+k\pi,k\in\mathbb{Z}\)
c) \(x=\dfrac{3\pi}{4}+k2\pi,k\in\mathbb{Z}\)
d) \(x=300^0+k540^0,k\in\mathbb{Z}\)
a)ĐKXĐ:\(a\ge0;a\ne16\)
\(B=\left[\dfrac{3\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}+4}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-4}+\dfrac{4\left(a+2\right)}{16-a}\right]:\left(1-\dfrac{2\sqrt{a}+5}{\sqrt{a}+4}\right)\)
=\(\dfrac{3\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-4\right)+\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+4\right)-4\left(a+2\right)}{a-16}:\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+4-2\sqrt{a}-5}{\sqrt{a}+4}=\dfrac{3a-12\sqrt{a}+a+4\sqrt{a}-4a-8}{\left(\sqrt{a}-4\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+4\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+4}{-\sqrt{a}-1}=\dfrac{-8\sqrt{a}-8}{\left(\sqrt{a}-4\right)\left(-\sqrt{a}-1\right)}=\dfrac{8\left(-\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-4\right)\left(-\sqrt{a}-1\right)}=\dfrac{8}{\sqrt{a}-4}\)
Vậy...
b)Với \(a\ge0;a\ne16\) thì B=\(\dfrac{8}{\sqrt{a}-4}\)
B=-3 thì \(\dfrac{8}{\sqrt{a}-4}=-3\)
=>\(9=-3\sqrt{a}+24\)
<=>-15=-3\(\sqrt{a}\)
<=>\(\sqrt{a}=5\)
<=>a=25(TM)
Vậy a=25 thì B=-3
c)Với \(a\ge0;a\ne16\) thì B=\(\dfrac{8}{\sqrt{a}-4}\)
| \(\sqrt{a}-4\) | -8 | -4 | -2 | -1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
| \(\sqrt{a}\) | -4(L) | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 12 |
| \(\sqrt{a}\) | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 12 |
| a | 0(TM) | 4(TM) | 9(TM) | 25(TM) | 36(TM) | 64(TM) | 144(TM) |
(BẠN KẺ 1 BẢNG 3 HÀNG THÔI NHA,MÌNH KẺ LỖI NÊN LÀM 2 BẢNG)
Vậy...
Đặt \(x=\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{bc}}\) ; \(y=\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{ca}}\) ; \(z=\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{ab}}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{1}{yz}\) ; \(b=\dfrac{1}{zx}\) ; \(c=\dfrac{1}{xy}\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=1\)
Khi đó, tồn tại một tam giác ABC sao cho:
\(x=tan\dfrac{A}{2}\) ; \(y=tan\dfrac{B}{2}\) ; \(z=tan\dfrac{C}{2}\)
Thay vào bài toán:
\(A=\dfrac{x^2}{1+x^2}+\sqrt{3}\left(\dfrac{y^2}{1+y^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{1+z^2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{tan^2\dfrac{A}{2}}{1+tan^2\dfrac{A}{2}}+\sqrt{3}\left(\dfrac{tan^2\dfrac{B}{2}}{1+tan^2\dfrac{B}{2}}+\dfrac{tan^2\dfrac{C}{2}}{1+tan^2\dfrac{C}{2}}\right)\)
\(=sin^2\dfrac{A}{2}+\sqrt{3}\left(sin^2\dfrac{B}{2}+sin^2\dfrac{C}{2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}cosA+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(2-cosB-cosC\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1+2\sqrt{3}}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(cosA+\sqrt{3}cosB+\sqrt{3}cosC\right)\)
Xét \(B=cosA+\sqrt{3}\left(cosB+cosC\right)=cosA+2\sqrt{3}cos\dfrac{B+C}{2}cos\dfrac{B-C}{2}\)
\(\le cosA+2\sqrt{3}cos\dfrac{B+C}{2}=-2sin^2\dfrac{A}{2}+2\sqrt{3}sin\dfrac{A}{2}+1\)
Xét hàm \(f\left(t\right)=-2t^2+2\sqrt{3}sint+1\) với \(t\in\left(0;1\right)\)
\(f'\left(t\right)=-4t+2\sqrt{3}=0\Rightarrow t=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
\(f\left(0\right)=1\) ; \(f\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)=\dfrac{5}{2}\) ; \(f\left(1\right)=2\sqrt{3}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow B_{max}=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{1+2\sqrt{3}}{2}-\dfrac{5}{4}=\dfrac{4\sqrt{3}-3}{4}\)